About 3000 years ago, the Near East was under the control of the
Assyrian Empire, who was the most powerful group in the region
with its trade routes, harbors and all of its area of exploitation. The
Urartian Kingdom, who settled around the Lake Van basin, was the
only political organization to rival the Assyrian Empire and played an
important role in the socio-cultural and socio-political development
of the region. They managed to adapt a well-equipped central state
system and developed a perfect bureaucratic state system for unsettled
societies. They were also the creator of a homogenous cultural
structure varying from architecture to handicrafts.

The Hattian Period corresponds to the 2nd and 3rd phases of the Early Bronze Age in Anatolia. This indicates that the finds from Alaca Höyük, Eskiyapar, Horoztepe, Mahmatlar and other contemporary settlements
belong to the Hattian Period. Settlements such as Alişar, Kültepe, Alaca
Höyük, Horoztepe, Karaoğlan, Dündartepe, Mahmatlar, and Resuloğlu, which are similar to each other in terms of their socio-cultural structures, must have been small city-states or central states, which are very similar to each other. In architectural terms, the discovery of the citadel at Alişar, the temple at Kültepe and the wealthy royal tombs at Alaca Höyük, Horoztepe and Mahmatlar demonstrates that these were indeed central states.

If there is no language, there is no population!
It is the year 3150 AD. Scientists are conducting an archaeological excavation
to research and find the traces of ancient civilizations. The civilization’s remains (!),
found after long-lasting efforts, are described in the final excavation reports as: “The
remains of five cell phones and two tablet computers were found in a house with a major
fire destruction level. Unfortunately, they are out of condition due to metal oxidation
that occurred over a period of 1000 years. We think that the device in question might
be a digital library that contained thousands of books, approximately a thousand years
ago. However the 1000 year span of time has made this digital library unusable. Therefore,
we are unable to access the writing and culture of the people living in this period.”

With the latest issue of Actual Archaeology Magazine, we take a
trip back to more than 5 thousand years ago to focus on a unique region
named Lycia. Lycia, which was also known as “Lucca”, was discovered
more than 200 years ago by voyagers, and influenced everybody with
its magnificent ruins and fabulous nature. The excavations and research
conducted in the region for years, revealed new ruins and every new
artifact found in the region added new stories to the old ones, and a
clear history of Lycia was constructed.

We all know “the 300 Spartans”, a 1962 Cinemascope film, and
“300”, another American film made in 2006 which depicted the story
of the Battle of Thermopylae, which occurred between a force of Greek
warriors led by the Spartans, and the Persians. This fight occurred during
the second Persian invasion of Greece, part of Greco-Persian wars
in 480 BC, when the Persians crossed the Hellespont under the command
of the Persian Empire of Xerxes I and were blocked at the pass
of Thermopylae by a small force led by King Leonidas I of Sparta. This
fight became a symbol of courage against overwhelming odds because
the army of the Spartans consisted of just of 300 warriors and the Persian
force was enormous. According to the story told by the films, the
Spartans bravely fought against the Persians instead of surrendering.

In this new issue, you will find two different ancient
sites which witnessed different historical events that affected the evolution
of art, mentality and the social life of people. One of these sites
is Kinet Höyük, which holds the remains of the city of Issos that witnessed
the dramatic passage of the Macedonians and the Persians. Hattusha,
which founded the first Anatolian central power and survived
almost 500 years, is the second. Being the capital of the Hittite Empire,
Hattusha was also very important with its unique functions for the ideology
and the mentality of the state of the Hittites. Their cult areas and
the structures of Hattusha reflect the glory of the city.

Anatolia is one of the most important territories where people
developed a new way of life, began to live in communal structures,
and cultivated plants and domesticated animals. This process began
in Anatolia and some places of the Near East 12 thousand years ago,
and remained in the same region for 3 thousand years and completed
its development. Since 9 thousand years ago, we see that this new life
style was transferred to other regions and became global. The city,
the state and the empire, which we can introduce as the descendants
of this continuing process, are the unavoidable result of this new lifestyle.
This new situation brought forth the restructuring of life, from
technology to belief systems, from subsistence to lifeways, from social
organization to economic order and viewpoints about the world and
the environment.

Exhitinition and News:
Image in terracotta, kucukyali arkeopark, selimiye mosque, kibyra, yenikapi and weary hercules.

Turkey, with its cultural variety which is increasing through history,
has an important structural group of monumental buildings,
ranging from caves to the first temple of the world, from city walls
to castles, towers to obelisks, churches to mosques, madrasahs, hospitals,
hans and baths, fountains, tombs and mausoleums, palaces,
mansions and waterside residences. This multi-coloured cultural
mosaic, which bears the traces of every level of history, deserves to
be called a “super power” of cultural heritage by UNESCO.

Autumn 2014

Spring 2014

Winter 2014

Autumn 2013

Summer 2013

Spring 2013

Winter 2012

Summer 2012

July 2012

Turkey, with its cultural variety which is increasing in history, has an important structural group of monumental buildings, ranging from the caves to the first temple of the world, from city walls to castles, towers to obelisks, churches to mosques, madrasah, hospitals, hans and baths, fountains, tombs to mausoleums, palaces, mansions and waterside residences. This multicoloured cultural mosaic, which bears the traces of every level of the history, deserves to be called as “super power”.
Known as the cradle of numerous civilizations for thousands of years, Anatolia is one of the most important centers in history. It has hosted many different cultures, languages and religions, faced several migrations and battles, and witnessed the foundation and the fall of civilizations. 
Aktüel Arkeoloji aims: firstly, to inform the general public about archaeological investigations, cultural treasures and the heritage of Anatolia; secondly, to share this heritage, which we accept as being of global value, with the whole world. To understand the world’s history, firstly we should explore the entire history of Anatolian civilizations. Beside scientific researches in an interdisciplinary setting, recent archaeological excavations and the surveys conducted in Anatolia have been further extending the understanding of the archaeology and the cultural heritage of Anatolia.

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Actual Archaeology Magazine-Anatolia - Winter 2014

Actual Archaeology Magazine-Anatolia - Winter 2014

In this issue

Actual Archaeology Magazine-Anatolia Description: