The Hidden Brain in Gut- How microbes shape our cognition and behaviour

The idea that the bacteria in our intestines could affect our thoughts may seem like science fiction.

- Dr. Sapna Pahilan and Simran Kaur

Research indicates that the trillions of microbes living in our gut significantly influence our cognitive abilities, emotional well-being, and decision-making processes. This fascinating connection, often called the gut-brain axis, has transformed our understanding of mental health and cognitive function.

From gut to brain: How microbes influence cognition and behaviour

The vagus nerve, stretching from the brainstem to the abdomen, is the primary communication channel between the gut and the brain. This nerve acts as an anatomical connection that rapidly exchanges signals from the brain to the gut and vice versa (Figure 1). Yet, the gut-brain connection is beyond this- it extends via endocrine and metabolic routes, allowing brain and gut to be in "sync". Through these pathways, gut microbes can influence: Memory formation and recall In a recent study, it was found that female nurses from the United Kingdom who have taken antibiotics for prolonged periods (>2 months) end up with inferior scores in cognitive tests such as learning, working memory and attention tasks than those who had not taken such medication. Importantly, the cognition of the women who had taken antibiotics was slightly poorer when they were followed up seven years later. Although this is only a correlation, the researchers think it could be due to antibiotics-induced changes in the gut. So, do not overuse antibiotics or take them without a prescription. While they may treat an infection, they could also impact your cognitive health in the long run.

Emotional responses