How construction mafias threaten economy, democracy

THE phenomenon of organised crime syndicates, notably the Mafia, has deep historical roots and was mainly influ-enced by socio-economic conditions in Sicily.

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Initially, landowners, unable to depend on state authorities for protec-tion against banditry, resorted to hiring private militias known as “mafie.”

Over time, these groups evolved from merely providing security for property to becoming quasi-governing bodies that exerted significant influ-ence over local power dynamics.

As this evolution progressed, the Mafia expanded its operations beyond essential protection services, engaging in protection racketeering, conflict mediation, and enforcing clandestine agreements and transactions.

Consequently, the Mafia not only supplied security but also effectively monopolised various illicit operations, creating a cycle of exploitation and control that affected both their original patrons and the broader community.

In South Africa, the rise of “con-struction mafias,’ also called “business forums,’ can be traced back to around 2015, originating in KwaZulu-Natal. These groups began by invading con-struction sites and demanding a share of projects or employment. These groups initially targeted smaller pro-jects but later expanded their reach to include significant infrastructure devel-opments. They often claim to represent local communities, seeking economic benefits from construction projects.

Their methods involve demanding a share in contracts, employment for their members, or “protection fees,” often resorting to violence and intim-idation if their demands are ignored.