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HOW DIALYSIS MACHINES WORK
How It Works UK
|Issue 179
These lifesaving devices take over the role of failing kidneys
Without healthy kidneys, your body would quickly fill with toxins, causing it to shut down. To prevent this buildup, these two fist-sized organs are continuously working to filter out waste substances from biological processes and pass them out of the body in your urine. For people who suffer from kidney failure, an alternative method is needed to emulate this essential task. Dialysis machines, which were invented in 1943, divert blood out of the body to be cleaned before being returned to the body. Because the body is continually producing waste, patients who depend on dialysis usually undergo four hours of treatment approximately three times a week.
During the process, the machine is attached to a needle, often placed in the arm, through which blood can be extracted and returned. As the blood enters the dialysis machine, it passes along a layer of membranes. These membranes have microscopic holes that only water and waste molecules can filter through. Because of this, no blood cells are lost to the machine – they simply take a diversion on their circulatory course.
This story is from the Issue 179 edition of How It Works UK.
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