The Caste Census: Navigating the Complex Terrain

NAVIGATING THE COMPLEXITIES OF A CASTE CENSUS IN INDIA.

- JAGDISH Monanty

THE Government’s decision to include caste details in the upcoming census marks a significant shift, as comprehensive caste data has not been collected since 1931. Proponents argue that updated data is essential for effectively implementing social justice programs and ensuring equitable resource distribution. However, opponents contend that such a census could exacerbate caste consciousness and deepen societal divisions.

Caste system, a deeply entrenched social hierarchy, has historically dictated individuals’ socio-economic status and access to opportunities. Caste continues to be a label and an identity to shape many aspects of Indian society. Sociologists have identified a number of prominent features of the caste system, such as traditional hierarchical structure, endogamy, resistance to intercaste marriage, restrictions on social interaction, traditional occupational specialisation, caste panchayats, physical and social segregation and discrimination and limited social and occupational mobility. Caste factor has influenced electoral politics, access to public goods, and representation. After Independence, in response to centuries of systemic discrimination, the government instituted affirmative action policies, notably reservations in education and employment to uplift marginalized communities. While these measures aim to promote social justice, debates persist regarding their impact on meritocracy and societal cohesion. The recent decision to conduct a comprehensive caste census further intensifies these discussions, prompting a re-examination of the balance between equity and excellence.