Jaladam Valley, home to Konda Reddi tribe, offers a glimpse into a centuries-old way of life

Hidden in the rugged hills of} aladam Valley in Andhra Pradesh’s Kakinada district lies Gillaram village, home to the Konda Redditribe, a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG).

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Isolated from the modern world, the Konda Reddis rely on age-old traditions to sustain their livelihoods. Their survival strategies reflecta vanishing way of life. The Konda Reddi tribe's way of life largely revolves around the cow, which is a source of sustenance for them. The traditional houses of the Konda Reddis have retained their unique architectural look over the centuries.R eaching Gillaram is an arduous journey, involving a four-km trek over weather-beaten trails and crossing two hills. Located 15 km from the temple town of Annavaram, the village’s remoteness leaves its 30 families — around 130 people — dependent on makeshift solutions for emergencies, such as being carried on ‘dolis’ during health crises.Cow dung banks

In Gillaram village, the cow is central to survival. Every family owns a yoke and at least one pair of oxen for agriculture, as well as cows to augment their income.“Our family owns 30 cents of land, and we use oxen to plow it,” says Gomu Venkata Lakshmi, a mother of two. ‘The dung serves as manure for our crops and keeps our farming costs low. Itis used as an alternative to fertilizer for all ourcrops,” she says.In the village, every family maintains a ‘dung bank’ by storing the dung in a designated place to be used for agricultural purposes. “Our dependence on pesticides and fertilizers is minimal due to the availability of cow dung manure,” says Ms. Venkata Lakshmi.The cow dung manure improves soil fertility. In the rural pockets of Andhra Pradesh, use of cow dung manure is rare except for organic farmers.