Disunity weakens Africa's collective agency

Internal competition among leading states delays progress

- MPUMELELO E. NCUBE

IN AN ERA marked by accelerated geopolitical shifts and increasing multipolarity, it is imperative for African states to develop a clear understanding of their strategic interests and adopt sophisticated, long-term approaches to global engagement.

The stakes are high, as decisions made today will determine whether Africa continues to occupy a peripheral role in global affairs or asserts its rightful position as a leader in sustainable development, peace, and innovation.

History, particularly in the post-independence era, reveals a persistent pattern. One where Africa has frequently struggled to articulate a unified and coherent position on issues of critical importance to its own development.

While global diplomacy is often likened to a game in which outcomes are determined not only by strength but also by strategic acumen, Africa's participation in this 'game' has often been undermined by internal fragmentation, regional rivalries largely a colonial legacy, and competing national interests.

The result has been a pattern of disunity that external actors have consistently exploited. Three key examples illustrate the consequences of Africa's inability to act in unison.

Firstly, there is the issue of climate change negotiations at the United Nations Climate Summit. Although African nations are among the most affected by climate change, the continent has often failed to present a coordinated position in international climate negotiations.

Disparate national interests, varying degrees of vulnerability, and reliance on donor support have contributed to fragmented advocacy. This has weakened Africa's bargaining power, particularly in critical areas such as climate finance, adaptation mechanisms, and compensation for loss and damage. This diminishes the continent's prospects for social development.