Embracing difference

Neurodivergence is a natural variation in human brain function and, when necessary, a medical condition requiring support

- By PUJA AWASTHI

Neurodivergence encompasses natural variations in human cognition, including autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dyslexia and other neurological differences. Fifteen to twenty per cent of the global population is considered neurodivergent. According to the World Health Organization, one in 100 children worldwide is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recent studies indicate that about one in 100 children in India under age 10 may have autism, and nearly one in eight have at least one neurodevelopmental condition.

Understanding neurodivergence

It refers to the natural differences in how people's brains work and process information. Think of the brain as a complex computer system—while most computers run on similar operating systems, neurodivergent brains operate on different, equally valid systems. These differences affect how individuals think, learn and communicate with the world.

Spectrum of conditions

The most common neurodivergent conditions include ASD, ADHD, dyslexia and other learning differences. Autism affects social communication and behaviour, often accompanied by repetitive patterns and intense interests. ADHD causes difficulties with attention, impulse control and hyperactivity. Dyslexia primarily impacts reading and language processing abilities. These conditions frequently overlap—someone with autism may also have ADHD, or a person with ADHD might struggle with dyslexia. Comprehensive evaluation by trained professionals is crucial for identifying all conditions. Anxiety and depression are common among neurodivergent individuals. Other co-occurring conditions include obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder and epilepsy.

Dual perspective