Technology Influences Indian Foreign Policy

By integrating technology into its foreign policy, India is carving a path to become a leading power, balancing national interests with global responsibilities in an increasingly tech-driven world, writes Joydeep Nayak

- Joydeep Nayak

In the 21st century, technology has emerged as a transformative force shaping India’s foreign policy, redefining its strategic priorities, global engagements, and national security paradigms.

As a rising power with ambitions to become a global leader, India leverages technology to enhance its diplomatic influence, secure economic interests, counter regional challenges, and project soft power. From cybersecurity to digital diplomacy, artificial intelligence (AI), and space exploration, technology is integral to India’s pursuit of strategic autonomy and regional stability.

Cybersecurity has become a critical pillar of India’s foreign policy as digital infrastructure underpins economic growth and national security. The rise of cyberattacks, often attributed to state-sponsored actors, has prompted India to prioritize cyber defense. For instance, alleged Chinese cyberattacks on India’s power grid in 2020 during the Galwan Valley clash underscored the vulnerability of critical infrastructure. India’s response included strengthening its National Cyber Security Strategy and fostering international cooperation through forums like the Quad (India, U.S., Japan, Australia), which emphasizes cybersecurity collaboration to counter China’s digital assertiveness.

India's foreign policy now advocates for a rules-based cyberspace, aligning with Western partners to establish global norms while resisting authoritarian models of internet governance promoted by China. The ban on Chinese apps like TikTok and WeChat in 2020, citing national security, reflected India’s willingness to use technology policy as a geopolitical tool. This move strained India-China relations but signaled India’s intent to protect its digital sovereignty. Additionally, India has deepened cyber defense ties with the US., including agreements on real-time intelligence sharing, to bolster its capabilities against cyber threats from Pakistan and China.