HOW DO MILITARY STANDOFFS AFFECT AVIATION?

What are the situations in which countries can close their airspace? Are only military planes banned? What happens to civilian flights? After Operation Sindoor, are Indian planes now being allowed in Pakistan and vice-versa?

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The story so far: After the Pahalgam terror attack on April 22, India initiated a series of measures against Pakistan that included the suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty. In response to India's calibrated steps, Pakistan issued a NOTAM (notice to airmen), closing its airspace to Indian aircraft from April 24 to May 23 — multiple air traffic routes were unavailable across the north and south as well as a part of the Arabian Sea. India responded with a similar NOTAM on April 30, that was effective till May 23.

What happened after the hostilities?

After India’s tri-service Operation Sindoor (May 7-10), Pakistan opened its airspace resulting in some foreign airlines resuming overflights. However, both countries have again issued fresh notices, closing their airspace to Indian (“till June 24, 4.59 a.m., Pakistan Airports Authority”) and Pakistan aircraft (June 23), respectively.

Is there a history of airspace closure?

Prof. Mohammad Owais Farooqui, Assistant Professor of Aerospace Law, Department of Public Law, College of Law, University of Sharjah, has told The Hindu that in the 1950s, India had objected to Pakistan’s declaration of a “prohibited zone” along its frontier as discriminatory as it allowed overflights by other nations. The dispute was resolved diplomatically but set a precedent that such restrictions must have bona fide security justifications.