The key to advancing the territorial defense mission

On May 15, 2025, the 5th Infantry Division (5ID), Philippine Army, proudly celebrated its 44th Founding Anniversary.

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The theme underscores the evolving role of the Division—from counterinsurgency to a broader, more complex territorial defense mission.

For over four decades, the 5ID has been a central pillar in the Armed Forces of the Philippines' counterinsurgency efforts. Its roots trace back to the 5th Infantry Brigade (Separate), which served as the nucleus for 5ID's activation amid the growing communist threat in Northern Luzon. A key turning point was the 1972 seizure of high-powered firearms from the M/V Karagatan in Palanan, Isabela—a successful operation by the defunct AFP Northeastern Command that dealt a major blow to the CPP-NPA's planned offensive. Since then, 5ID has remained a model in the fight against communist insurgency.

Operational reach and legacy

The Division’s area of responsibility spans 13 provinces in Northern Luzon—covering 215 municipalities, two cities, and 4,499 barangays. This territory encompasses approximately 4.96 million hectares or 16.5 percent of the Philippine landmass, with a population of 4.39 million.

This vast and rugged terrain—with its natural resources, guerrilla-suited topography, and isolated barangays—became fertile ground for communist influence. Yet, the notable decline in insurgency activities today is a testament to the 5ID's mission success. Its achievements are rooted in the unwavering fighting spirit of its officers and enlisted personnel, strategic clarity anchored in democratic values, superior training, efficient logistics, and effective leadership.

Transition to territorial defense