Moving THE NEEDLE

Originally marketed for diabetics, an insulin-regulating drug whose side effect is dramatic weight loss is now the It drug for the thin set

- Emily Jane Fox

UNDER A REHEARSAL piano in a studio on the MGM lot in Hollywood in 1952, Debbie Reynolds crumbled. She was in the middle of preparing for Singing in the Rain, which would be her first leading role for the studio, alongside Gene Kelly, and the first time she'd have to dance, really. She was 19 years old, had three teachers, and was spinning around eight hours a day. It hurt everywhere, she wrote in her autobiography 60 years later, "most of all my brain and my feet." She lay there, under that piano, until Fred Astaire materialized to coax her back up. She wasn't going to die, he told her. If you're not sweating, you're not doing it right. So she shot "Good Morning" from eight in the morning till eleven o'clock that night. When it was over, she collapsed. For days, she didn't get out of bed at her doctor's behest.

The studio had its own MD, who wanted to administer what they called a "vitamin shot"-amphetamines. Possibly, the same ones, Reynolds wrote, that "ruined Judy Garland." Since its inception, Hollywood has been the land where unrealistic beauty standards collide with financial pressure that hinges on its stars keeping thin, energetic, and always ready to make more hits. And there's always been a quick fix or two. Since Reynolds's era, the nature of the fixes have evolved from "vitamin shots" and "pep pills" to phen-fen to Adderall to clenbuterol-a medication used to treat breathing problems in horses. That's to say nothing of the extra-medicinal aesthetic boosts by way of CoolSculpting, injectables, and Brazilian butt lifts, which suck pockets of fat from one part of a body and insert them into another, in order to create a generation of Instagram-age Jessica Rabbits.

It should have been no mystery, then, that when the people of Hollywood started dropping dozens of pounds in a matter of weeks, it wasn't that everyone had suddenly started practicing moderation and logging 10,000 steps.