Transforming Women's Rights

The Labour Codes will not only unlock the untapped potential of the female workforce but also empower women through increased participation in the economy

- SUMITA DAWRA

THE HISTORIC LABOUR reforms were ushered in the country with notification of the long-awaited labour codes on November 21. Covering wages, social security, industrial relations and occupational safety, health and working conditions for India's 600 million workforce, the codes subsumed, streamlined and rationalised 29 labour laws, while introducing new provisions.

Included are special provisions related to employment of women on night shifts, i.e., before 6 am and after 7 pm, subject to their consent and the employer adhering to prescribed conditions related to their safety, health, working conditions. This important provision will not only unlock the untapped potential of the female workforce but will also empower women through increased participation in the economy.

For decades, Indian women were prohibited from working on night shifts under archaic provisions of The Factories Act, 1948, prompting many states to seek exemptions in recent years or to amend their respective laws. Studies indicate an improvement in female labour force participation in states where this provision has been amended.

This special provision for women has brought uniformity in labour law in the country. It places the responsibility of ensuring the safety of women working at night on employers. These may include transportation, well-lit premises, installation of CCTV cameras, apart from other safeguards.