India's Bioenergy Revolution: Targeting Net Zero by 2070

Achieving net zero by 2070 seems very much within grasp for India, riding on surging bioenergy initiatives as part of its broader energy transition strategy.

- Dipti Barve

Bioenergy, derived mainly from biomass, biofuels, and biogas, could very well cut down dependence on fossil fuels, cut emissions, and promote sustainable economic growth. Key elements for scaling bioenergy in India include leveraging abundant agricultural residues, promoting sustainable feedstock use, advancing bioenergy technologies, and implementing supportive policies and financial incentives.

Leveraging Agri Resources, Tech & Govt Initiatives

Key trends in the bioenergy sector include rising demand for biomethane and renewable natural gas (RNG), co-firing biomass pellets in existing power plants, and expansion of waste-to-energy projects. India is leveraging its abundant agricultural residues and biomass resources as feedstock, supported by national programmes like the National Bioenergy Programme and waste-to-energy initiatives. Emerging technologies such as torrefaction, microbial fermentation, and digital monitoring systems are improving energy yield and operational efficiency. The sector also sees growing private sector participation, international partnerships, and investments in biofuels including cellulosic ethanol and green hydrogen projects. These developments align with India's renewable energy targets and net-zero commitments, with bioenergy playing a pivotal role in rural development, waste management, and energy security.

India already derives about 25 per cent of its primary energy from biomass, with a large rural population dependent on it. The country has a surplus of biomass and agricultural waste, which can be converted into energy through modern technologies. The potential for biomass-based power is projected to exceed 35 GW by 2030, which can significantly augment India's renewable energy capacity.

The National Bioenergy Programme supports various bioenergy sub-schemes, including waste-to-energy, biomass-based co-generation, and biogas production, with government funding and policy support.