Early in the morning, the caravan starts to move: First the camel herd, followed by the donkeys with the baskets, then the camels with the palanquins called gors and finally the goats and sheep. Holger Hoffmann © All rights reserved.
The Chadian Arabs, related to the Baggara of Sudan, constitute about 12-14% of the population of Chad. They migrate north-south between the 12th and 15th parallel and vice versa.
After the river crossing, the landscape changes. For hours the caravan walks between picturesque doum palms towards the south. Holger Hoffmann Ⓒ All rights reserved.
Their way of life does not correspond to the 'modern' concept of a controllable citizen. As we learn, nomads pay an annual head tax of CFA 1000, which is less than 2 Euros. Many nomads have family members who live in villages and spend part of the year farming. This allows them to supply their nomadic relatives with grain and vegetables.
When the gor is loaded, the legs are untied, and the camel gets up. Holger Hoffmann © All rights reserved.
There are three tribes: the Juhayna, Hassuna, and the Awlad Sulayman. These are, in turn, divided into clans. All are Muslims. Bigamy is the rule; it is always the woman who leaves her family to join her husband's family. The women are circumcised. The literacy rate is less than 1%. Health care for the nomads is also lacking in the most elementary ways. Vaccinations against childhood diseases are not given. Thus, desperate parents turned to us with children suffering from the consequences of polio or measles encephalitis.
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