Pelvic Inflammatory Disease What Every Woman Should Know?

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is a serious infection of the female reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. While it's a common condition, especially among sexually active women of reproductive age, it often goes undiagnosed because symptoms can be mild or mistaken for other issues.

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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is usually caused by bacteria that ascend from the vagina or cervix into the upper genital tract. Most cases are linked to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), particularly chlamydia and gonorrhea, but other types of bacteria can also lead to PID.

When untreated, the infection can cause inflammation, scarring, and permanent damage to reproductive organs, leading to chronic pelvic pain, infertility, or ectopic pregnancy.

Common Causes and Risk Factors

PID typically develops from:

• Sexually transmitted infections (especially chlamydia and gonorrhea)

• Multiple sexual partners or a partner who has other partners

• Unprotected sex

• Previous episodes of PID

• Insertion of intrauterine devices (IUDs) (risk is highest shortly after insertion)

• Douching, which can push bacteria into the upper genital tract

Warning Signs and Symptoms Many women with PID experience only mild symptoms or none at all, which is why it's often underdiagnosed. However, common symptoms include:

• Lower abdominal or pelvic pain

• Unusual vaginal discharge with a bad odor

• Painful intercourse

• Fever and chills

• Painful urination

• Irregular menstrual bleeding

• Nausea or vomiting (in severe cases)

If these symptoms occur, especially after unprotected sex, immediate medical attention is recommended.

Why Early Detection is Crucial

Early diagnosis and treatment of PID can prevent severe complications such as:

• Infertility: PID is a leading cause of preventable infertility in women.