Parkinson's Disease A Growing Concern with Early Onset Cases Rising in India

Parkinson’s disease, once considered an ailment of the elderly, is increasingly affecting younger individuals in India, with early-onset cases rising at an alarming rate. With no definitive cure of the disease, experts call for early detection and muti-prong approach to manage the condition vis-a-vis improving quality of life.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has long been associated with the elderly. However, recent studies indicate a troubling surge in early-onset cases, particularly in India, positioning the nation as a potential hub for PD patients globally.

Alarming Projections and Early Onset Trends

A study published in the British Medical Journal predicts that by 2050, approximately 25.2 million individuals worldwide will be living with Parkinson's disease, marking a 112% increase from 2021. Notably, South Asia, including India, is expected to account for 6.8 million of these cases. The study emphasizes that population aging is the primary contributor to this surge, followed by population growth and changes in prevalence rates. The projected prevalence is 267 cases per 100,000 individuals by 2050.

In India, PD prevalence rates range from 15 to 43 per 100,000 people. Alarmingly, the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) indicated in 2022 that nearly 40-45% of Indian PD patients experience early onset of motor symptoms between the ages of 22 and 49, categorizing them as having early-onset Parkinson's disease. This trend indicates that Indians are developing PD nearly a decade earlier than global averages.

Understanding Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease affects movement due to a deficiency in dopamine, a vital neurotransmitter in the brain. Symptoms typically develop gradually and may start with a barely noticeable tremor in one hand. While tremors are common, the disorder also causes stiffness or slowing of movement. Early signs include tremors, muscle rigidity, and difficulties with movement. Non-motor symptoms can encompass loss of smell, constipation, and sleep disturbances.

Causes and Risk Factors