Issue #370
May 2021
Comms and Control for Drones
6: Intro to Robot Operating System (ROS): Part 3: Testing the Robotic Car, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
16: Understanding the AMBA AXI4 Spec: The Backbone Protocol, By Nishant Mittal
20: Intelligent Post Box Uses Arduino: The SmartPostBox Project, By Andrei Florian
28: LED Backlight Technology: A Complete Overview, By Bill Cheung
34: Comms and Control Tech Advances for Drones: Tech for a Connected Sky, By Jeff Child
42: Smart Agriculture Solutions Get Smarter: Enabling the Connected Farm, By Jeff Child
48: DATASHEET: 32-Bit Microcontrollers: Arm-ed for Success, By Jeff Child
52: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: Using ESP-NOW Protocol Part 2: Hardware Description, By Brian Millier
60: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: Bringing JTAG Boundary Scan into 2021: A Relic Reloaded, By Colin O’Flynn
66: FROM THE BENCH: A Guide to Using Transistors: As a Switch and More, By Jeff Bachiochi
74: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of FPGA- and AI- Dev Tools: Into the Great Wide Open, By Brian Faith


4: Prototype AI Apps with SenseCAP K1100: Part 1: Model Training and Deployment, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
13: Helping Students Find Uncongested Study Spaces: Using a Raspberry Pi 4, a PiTFT Display, and Data, By Minjung Kwon & Esther In
20: Measuring the Frequency Response of a DC Motor: Using Linear and Non-Linear Techniques, By Shlomo Engelberg, Aviel Maor, and Jakob (Kobi) Weizman
26: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE: AI and Robotics, By Michael Lynes
32: DATASHEET: AC-DC Power Supplies: Powering the Next Generation of Embedded Design, By Sam Wallace
36: START TO FINISH: Solar Energy—Getting Started, By Stuart Ball
41: THE MAGIC SMOKE FACTORY: RGB LED Animation: With a Rainbow Wave Pattern as an Example, By Joseph Corleto
46: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Debugging Embedded Real-Time Systems: Flawed Assumptions in Finding Bugs, By Bob Japenga
50: FROM THE BENCH: Artificial Dawn and Dusk: Don’t Scare the Chickens!, By Jeff Bachiochi 
63: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Sucessful PCB Manufacturing: Common PCB Design Mistakes, By Don Kaufman
BONUS DIGITAL EDITION FEATURE ADDITION: Solving Level-Translation and Logic Problems: Using Discrete Components, By Wolfgang Matthes

4: Device Trees in Embedded Linux: Using an External LED on a PocketBeagle as an Example, By Pedro Bertoleti
10: Let’s Understand Ground Stitching Vias, By Robert Lacoste
16: AWS for IoT Projects: Getting Started, By Dhairya Parikh
23: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE: Wearable Devices: A Brave New World, By Michael Lynes
28: DATASHEET: IoT Boards and Modules: Connect to the Internet of (All of the) Things, By Sam Wallace
32: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: Fault Injection and Power Analysis: Part of Your Appliance Repair Toolkit?, By Colin O'Flynn
38: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: A Lock-In Amplifier: Based on a PSoC5LP SoC, By Brian Millier
48: FROM THE BENCH: Blood Pressure Record Keeping: Building an ESP32-to-Raspberry Pi Bridge, By Jeff Bachiochi 
63: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Experience Driving: Smart Digital Cockpits—Enabled, By Miao Luo

4: Joulescope JS220: A Precision DC Energy Analyzer, By Brian Millier
14: Vintage-Style Tube Amplifier for Musicians: Built Using an ADAU1701 Audio System Chip and ESP32 MCU, By Avian Marinakis
20: FreeRTOS with Arduino: An Introduction, By Pedro Bertoleti
28: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE: Sensors: Integration and Development, By Michael Lynes
34: DATASHEET: 32-Bit Microcontrollers: Chips That Won’t Stop Evolving, By Sam Wallace
38: THE MAGIC SMOKE FACTORY: Thermistors: Sensitive Resistors to Measure Temperature, By Joseph Corleto
43: START TO FINISH: Biometrics: How Do I Know You Are Who You Say You Are?, By Stuart Ball
48: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Debugging Embedded Real-Time Systems: Strategies for Duplicating Bugs, By Bob Japenga
52: FROM THE BENCH: Digital Audio Files: Replacing a Proprietary Format, By Jeff Bachiochi 
58: Product News: Technology Trending at the World Ag Expo 2023, By Steve Prescott
63: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of AI Manufacturing: Deploying AI Successfully in Manufacturing, By Nicol Ritchie

4: Bicycle Light Using ANT+ Protocol: Tail Light Control via Garmin Navigator, By Carlo Tauraso 
12: Autonomous Beach Cleaning Robot: A High-Level Overview, By Angela Loh 
18: The Compass Bot: Or: How to Give Your Robot a Sense of Direction, By Chris Cantrell 
24: Smart Home Without the Cloud: Ultimate Control Using Raspberry Pi, By Dev Gualtieri 
32: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE: PCB Design and Prototyping, By Michael Lynes 
38: DATASHEET: DSPs & DSCs: High Performance Chips for Digital Signal Processing and Control, By Sam Wallace 
42: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: A Power Consumption Monitor for IoT Boards: Using a Teensy 4.1 MCU, High-Side Current Monitors, and ADCs, By Brian Millier 
52: FROM THE BENCH: Seeing Through the Fog: Using BLE Advertisement to Determine Location, By Jeff Bachiochi
58: Product News, By Stephen Vicinanza
62: Test Your EQ, By David Tweed
63: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Supply Chain Management: Weathering High Jet Fuel Prices: Three Questions to Ask Your Supply Chain Partner, By Doug Adams & Peggy Carrieres

4: Improved Color Control for Analog LED Strips: Using a PSoC 6 MCU and Picovoice AI, By Alexandru Dumitrache
12: Build a Custom IoT App with AWS IoT: Part 2: Serverless Application, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
20: The NuttX Engineer: An Introduction to Apache Nuttx, By Pedro Bertoleti
28: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE: Data Acquisition Tech: An Overview, By Michael Lynes
34: DATASHEET: Embedded PCs: Complete Compute Solutions, By Sam Wallace
38: THE MAGIC SMOKE FACTORY: Assemble Professional-Looking PCBs, By Joseph Corleto
44: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Debugging Embedded Real-Time Systems: Strategies to Determine if a Problem is in HW or SW, By Bob Japenga
48: START TO FINISH: Getting Started—PCBs: A Primer on Creating Printed Circuit Boards, By Stuart Ball
53: FROM THE BENCH: Under Pressure?: May the Force Be with You, By Jeff Bachiochi
59: Product News, By Stephen Vicinanza
62: Test Your EQ, By David Tweed
63: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of AI Security: Using AI for Improved Home Safety, By Sam Weitzman

4: Build a Custom App with AWS IoT: Part 1: Embedded IoT Device, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
14: An Introduction to FPGAs: From Flip-Flops to Applications, By Nishant Mittal
18: The Evolution of Flat Panel TV Technology: From CRT to OLED and Beyond, By Faiz Rahman
23: Level Switch for Non-Conductive Liquids, By Alex Pozhitkov, PhD
26: Smart Buildings and Cities: Proactive Planning for Your Business, By Michael Lynes
32: DATASHEET:  PC/104 Boards: Vital in Harsh Enviorments, By Sam Wallace
36: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: A Potentiostat for Performing Electrochemical Experiments, By
Brian Millier
46: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: Keeping Your Memories Secret: SRAM Read-Back Attacks, By
Colin O'Flynn
52: From the Bench: A Radar Speed Monitor: This Time Using Raspberry Pi Pico, By Jeff Bachiochi
62: Test Your EQ 
63: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Private LTE - Private Cellular Networks in Buildings, By Stephen Kowal

6: The Amazing Electret: Near-Permanent Charge Without a Voltage Supply, By George R. Steber
14: Remote Updating of Microcontroller Firmware: Using an ESP32 MCU and Apache HTTP Server, By Pedro Bertoleti
22: Software-Defined Radios: Their Use in Testing & Measurement Applications, By Brendon McHugh and Kaue Morcelles
28: GUI-O: A “Virtual” Front Panel: For ESP32 Projects, By Brian Millier
39: Automated Test Suite: The Selection, By Michael Lynes
46: DATASHEET: Tiny Embedded Boards: A Range of Powerful, Ultra-Compact Options, By Sam Wallace
50: THE MAGIC SMOKE FACTORY: Smartphone App with ESP32, By Joseph Corleto
58: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Debugging Embedded Real-Time Systems: Tools Needed to Debug On the Go, By Bob Japenga
62: START TO FINISH: Introduction to Impedance: What is It, and How it Applies to Embedded Systems, By Stuart Ball
68: From the Bench: Just How Fast Was I Driving, Officer? Build a Solar-Powered Radar Detector, By Jeff Bachiochi
78: Test Your EQ 
79: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Data Centers: It’s Time to Rethink Data Center Architecture, By Vito Savino

6: Detecting and Reporting Illegal Logging: Using an Arduino MKR FOX 1200 Microcontroller, By Andrei Florian
18: Environmental Monitoring with a Raspberry Pi Pico W: Using MicroPython and Cloud Services, By Miguel Sánchez
24: Rebuild Ni-Cd Battery Packs for Power Tools: When the Battery No Longer Holds a Charge, Just Replace the Cells, By James Lyman
32: Build a Speech-Controlled, Sudoku-Solving Robot: Using a Raspberry Pi Microprocessor and Camera, By Arijit Das
42: Overcome the Automation “Flexibility Gap”: A Software-Based AI Approach to Robot Control, By Matt Jones
45: IoT and Smart Agriculture: Continuing the Green Revolution, By KC Prescott
50: Datasheet: DC-DC Converters: Industry Specific Solutions, By Sam Wallace
54: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: Exploring RSA Power Analysis (Again): Capturing an RSA-1024 Power Trace in One Shot, By Colin O'Flynn
58: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: The Teensy Audio Station: Part 2 — The Digital Circuitry, By Brian Millier
65: FROM THE BENCH: Rainbow LEDs: Comparing Options, By Jeff Bachiochi
78: Test Your EQ
79: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Asset Tracking: Improving Supply Chain Reliability with IoT Tracking, By Karthik Ranjan

6: Extending Machine Instructions: How to Turn a Processor Temporarily into a Microprogrammed Control Unit, By Wolfgang Matthes
14: Interfacing with Video Game Controllers: How to Read Inputs, By Joseph Corleto
20: Small-Scale Game of Life: Using PIC32, By Ian Kim Riley, David Wolfers, and 
Connor Thomas
26: Repurposing Old Disk Drives For Rotary Encoders: Using a Teensy LC Microcontroller, By Brian Millier
32: 12th Gen Intel Core Processors on COM-HPC and COM Express Computer-on-Modules: First True Hybrid x86 Architecture Offers Quantum Core Count Leap, By Zeljko Loncaric
36: A Comprehensive Introduction of TinyML (Part 4): Gesture Recognition on the Edge, By Dhairya Parikh
42: Navigating the Smart Home Market: Efficieny and Security, By Sam Wallace
48: Open ISA RISC-V: Cements Its Place in the Semiconductor Universe, By Stephen Vicinanza
56: DATASHEET: Sensor ICs: Smaller, Faster, and More Powerful, By Sam Wallace
60: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Debugging Embedded Real-Time Systems: Tools to Help Us Debug, By
Bob Japenga
64: START TO FINISH: Voltage Regulators, By Stuart Ball
69: From the Bench: Don’t Touch That!: You Don’t Know Where It’s Been, By Jeff Bachiochi
78: Test Your EQ 
79: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Memory: The Time for ReRAM, By Eran Briman

6: Addressable RGB LEDs: A fast and Easy Way to Create Flexible RGB LED Lighting, By Joseph Corleto
12: Build a Play-Along Keyboard: Using a PIC32 Microcontroller, By Elias Hanna, Marek Chmielewski, and Matias Goldfeld
20: PIC32 Based Home Arcade: Solo and Arcade Mode Game Project, By Chuyue (Alga) Peng and Xiangyi Zhao
26: Advanced Metal Detector: A Traditional and Simplified Version, By Dev Gualtieri
32: A Comprehensive Introduction of TinyML (Part 3): Building a Home Security System with Face Recognition, By Dhairya Parikh
38: AroundSound: Digital Echolocation for the Visually Impaired, By Amulya Khurana, Krithik Ranjan & Aparajito Saha
44: Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: A Review, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
50: Displays for Embedded Systems: Application-Specific Display Solutions, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
54: DATASHEET: Open-Spec SBCs: A Bounty of Options
58: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: Breaking the Loop with Fault Injection: A Simple Experiment on an Embedded System's Code, By Colin O'Flynn
62: Picking Up Mixed Signals: The Teensy Audio Station (Part 1): The Circuitry and Audio Library, By Brian Millier
69: From the Bench: It’s All HD Now: The Gameduino GDX3 Dazzler, By Jeff Bachiochi
78: Test Your EQ 
79: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Autonomous Driving: Car Wars, By Ivana Delevska

6: A Rubik’s Cube Solving Guide: Based on a PIC32 Microcontroller, By Alexander Drazic, Tushar Khan, and Myles Cherebin 
12: Oscilloscope Music: Visualizing Sounds and Hearing Images, By Ruby Min, Samantha Cobado, and Eric Kahn
20: An Executive Decision Maker, By Dev Gualtieri, Tikalon LLC
23: Building a Drop-In Automotive HMI: Using a Raspberry Pi 4B, Power Delivery Module, and Touchscreen, By Walter Parsons, Tyrell Collins, and Dylan Davis
28: Building A Tri-effect Guitar Pedal: Using a PIC32 MCU, By Kingsley Odae, Jade Pinkenburg, and Jake Sanders
34: A Comprehensive Introduction of TinyML (Part 2): Adding Voice Control to existing Smart Home Systems, By Dhairya Parikh
42: Innovations in Wearable Devices: With Smart Products and Wearables in Healthcare, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
48: FPGAs for AI and Machine Learning: Reconfigurable Chip for Embedded Solutions, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
54: Datasheet: Application-Specific MCUs: With the Functionality for Targeted Application Requirements, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
60: START TO FINISH Microcontroller Interrupts, By Stuart Ball
66: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Debugging Embedded Real-Time Systems: Bugs that Bug Us, By Bob Japenga
70: From the Bench: Build Quiz Game Based on Key Fob: Q&A Game Project with MEGA 2560 and Key Fobs, By Jeff Bachiochi
75: Product News
78: Test Your EQ 
79: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of GPS Tracking: Managing Power Consumption: The Next Challenge in Miniature Tracker Designs, By Michael Castle

6: Searching for Gold with X-Rays: Using a Common PIN Photodiode, By George R. Steber
14: Designing and Building a PIC32 Video Game: Sharks and Minnows Multiplayer Game, By Tyler Bisk and Chidera Wokonko
20: Asynchronous High-Bandwidth, Low-Latency Communication: CPU-Intensive Devices, By Joseph Whelan, Akugbe Imudia, and Devlin Babcock
28: Sunrise Alarm Clock: Wake Up with a Natural Sunrise Simulation, By Jonathan Pfeifer
34: A Comprehensive Introduction of TinyML (Part 1): Control RGB LED Using Voice Commands, By Dhairya Parikh 
40: PCB Design Tool Trends: Designing Circuit Board Blueprints, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
46: Wireless Connectivity Choices: Efficient and Scalable Approaches to Connecting Embedded Systems, 
By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
50: DATASHEET Embedded PCs: Handling Demanding Conditions, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
54: Picking Up Mixed Signals: Building a Touchscreen Display (Part 2): Using the Bridgetek BT81x Controller Family, By Brian Millier
64: Embedded System Essentials: Revisiting Code Readout Protection Claims, By Colin O’Flynn
69: From the Bench: Heart Monitoring from Home: A Personal EKG Device and Heart Monitor,
By Jeff Bachiochi 
76: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Climate Change: Tackling Climate Change With Satellite IoT, By Laurent Vieira de Mello

6: Build IoT Secure Apps with AWS Services: AWS IoT EduKit Overview, by Raul Alvarez-Torrico
14: A New Option for Renewable Backup Energy: For Solar Power and Batteries, By Nicholas Lockwood, Philip Shuck, Daniel Pedro, and Navin Francis
20: Asymmetric VR Game with Custom Microcontroller Peripherals: Collaborative Game, By Cameron Haire, Michaela Bettez, and Daniel Batan
28: Build a Wattmeter/PowerGrid Analyzer, By Vincent Thiernesse
37: Low Distortion Voltage-Controlled Floating Resistor, By Dimitri Danyuk
43: Technologies for Digital Signage: Realistic Representation with Digital Signage, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
50: Sensor Solutions for Embedded Systems, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
54: DATASHEET: AC-DC Power Supplies: Convert power AC to DC, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
58: START TO FINISH: Getting Started – Capacitors, By Stuart Ball
64: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Debugging Embedded Real-Time Systems (Part 2): Bugs of Time, By Bob Japenga
69: FROM THE BENCH: Small Signal Sampling: In a Heartbeat, By Jeff Bachiochi
74: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of  Manufacturing: The Current State of Electronics Manufacturing and Why It’s No Longer Sustainable, By Ted Pawela

6: Drone Captures 3D Building Model: The PANTHER I Project, By Benjamin Jackson, Job Matthew Yap, Kipling Dickie, Arman Espallardo, and Jaden Prigione
12: Getting Started with Resistors: Workhorses Devices, By Stuart Ball
18:Build a USB-C Power Supply: Plug-In Power, By Andrew Levido
26:Custom Power Converters for an Electric Vehicle: Cornell EV Team Design, By Eric Kahn
32:Raspberry Pi Rescue Robot: The Scouting Owl Project, By Robby Huang and Parth Sarthi Sharma
38:Advances in Railway Systems: The Importance of Embedded Technologies for Modern Railway Systems, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
44:Embedded MCU Software Development Suites, By Brian Millier
50: Datasheet: Mini-ITX and Pico-ITX SBCs: Picking Up Mixed Signals, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
54: Building a Touchscreen Display: Using a Bridgetek BT81x, By Brian Millier
64: Embedded System Essentials: Taking a Look at RISC-V Power Analysis, By Colin O'Flynn
68: Hand Gesture Detection: Using Broadcom’s APDS-9960, By Jeff Bachiochi 
79: The Future of  Wearables: The Revolution of Bio-MEMS with Smart Wearables, By Nishant Mittal

6: Getting Started with RTOSes: RTOS on an MCU, By Stuart Ball
12: Capacitive Touch Keyboard for Synthesizers: The LMS101 Project, By Liam Brinston, Michael Brown and Silas Jantzen
20: Antique Clock Accuracy Project: Reloaded: PSoC4 MCU Back in Action, By Aubrey Kagan
28: Build a Long-Term DAQ System (Part 2): The Software Design, By Anuj Justus
40: Drone Development Kits Add Intelligence, Features: Skyward Solutions, By Jeff Child
46: Raspberry Pi Add-On Ecosystem Grows: RPi HAT Roundup, By Jeff Child
52: DATASHEET: 32-bit Microcontrollers: Embedded Workhorse, By Jeff Child
55: THE DARKER SIDE: The Darker Side: The 100th!: 15 Years, Fearless and Fun, By Robert Lacoste
60: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Debugging Embedded: Real-Time Systems (Part 1): The Bugs, By Bob Japenga
66: FROM THE BENCH: Using I2S to Transfer Digital Data (Part 2): The Output Side, By Jeff Bachiochi 
74: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of Real-Time in Databases: Embedded Databases in Real-Time Systems, By Steve Graves

6: Home Air Quality Monitoring (Part 3): Web Server Application, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
18: Make a Stochastic Music Generator: PIC32-Based Design, By William Salcedo, Rishi Singhal and Raghav Kumar
24: Build a Torsion Pendulum: Using an 8-bit PIC MCU, By Devlin Gualtieri
28: Build a Long-Term DAQ System (Part 1): The Hardware Design, By Anuj Rajappa
36: Box-Level Systems Focus on Condition Monitoring: Predictive Proficiency, By Jeff Child
44: Flex PCB Services: Bendable Boards is Their Business, By Jeff Child
48: DATASHEET: Panel PCs: Versatile Visualization, By Jeff Child
52: FROM THE BENCH: Using I2S to Transfer Digital Data (Part 1): The Input Side, By Jeff Bachiochi 
59: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: Build a Touchscreen IR Remote: Using an ESP32 MCU, By Brian Millier 
70: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: Build Your Own EMFI Tool: The PicoEMP Project, By Colin O’Flynn
75: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of Bioelectronics: Bioelectronics: Where Bits Meet Biology, By Thomas Herget and Steven Johnston

6: Home Air Quality Monitoring (Part 2): The Android Application, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
18: Build a Maze Generator and Game: Using a PIC32 MCU, By Kyle Infantino, Jack Brzozowski and Dilan Lakhani
25: Microprogramming Choices Explained (Part 2): Microprogrammable Machines, By Wolfgang Matthes
36: Build a Voice-Controlled Spider Robot: The SDY-DER Project, By Arijit Das
42: Multiple Layers of Technology Enable Smart Cities: Connectivity and Collaboration, By Jeff Child
49: Rugged SBCs Suit Up for Tough Duties: Ready for Rough Stuff, By Jeff Child
54: DATASHEET: COMe and COM-HPC Boards: Modular Compute Muscle, By Jeff Child
58: FROM THE BENCH: Build an IR-Based LEGO Train Controller (Part 2): IR Receiving End, By Jeff Bachiochi
64: THE DARKER SIDE: RF Location Techniques: Methods and Measurements, By Robert Lacoste 
70: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Lehman’s Laws of Software Evolution: Rules to Code By, By Bob Japenga
75: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of Embedded FPGAs: eFPGA: The Proof is in the Tape Out, By Andy Jaros

6: Home Air Quality Monitoring (Part 1): Using Nordic’s nRF5340 Dev Kit, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
16: PLC-Based Swimming Pool System: The PoolOS Project, By Dr. Alexander Pozhitkov, PhD
22: Microprogramming Choices Explained (Part 1): The Microprogram Control Unit, By Wolfgang Matthes
32: Developing Secure Embedded Systems, By Shifting Left with DevSecOps, By Mark Pitchford
38: Embedded PCs Enable Next-Gen Transportation Systems: Fueling Future Needs, By Jeff Child
48: Modularity Leads Data Acquisition Trends: Flexible Functionality, By Jeff Child
52: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: Testing Timing Attacks on Access Control: Premises Protection, By Colin O’Flynn
58: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: Designing MCU-Based Lab Instruments: Using the Cypress PSoC 5LP MCU, By Brian Millier
70: FROM THE BENCH: Build an IR-Based LEGO Train Controller (Part 1): Near-Wavelength IR in Action, By Jeff Bachiochi
76: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of SAR Compliance: Smart Sensors Ensure Connectivity and Safety Compliance, By David Wong

6: Sports Wearable Uses ANT+ Protocol: The tempANT+ Project, By Carlo Tauraso
15: Build a Robotic Arm with Linear Actuators: Threaded-Rod Approach, By Alexandru Dumitrache
22: A Review: Nora Flight Controller and XunWing X4 Quadcopter: Drone Deep Dive, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
32: Build an Autonomous Mapping Rover: The NanoBot Project, By Dhairya Parikh
42: MCU Vendors Lock In New Security Solutions: Device Defense In-Depth, By Jeff Child
49: Test and Measurement Tools Push Performance Barriers: Speedy Solutions, By Jeff Child
54: DATASHEET: Tiny Embedded Boards: Petite but Powerful, By Jeff Child
58: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: FreeRTOS (Part 7): FreeRTOS, TCP and the Internet, By Bob Japenga
63: THE DARKER SIDE: Playing with I-V Curves: Plot-Powered Insights, By Robert Lacoste
68: FROM THE BENCH: Refrigerator Repair Project: Using Espressif’s ESP32 MCU, By Jeff Bachiochi
75: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of Full Lifecycle Security: DevSecOps and Full Lifecycle Security, By Arlen Baker

6: Build an IoT-Based Solar Panel Monitor: Using the Sigfox LPWAN, By Pedro Bertoleti
16: IoT Device Measures Key Health Stats: The MyPulse Project, By Andrei Florian
28: Building an LC Meter: Retro Design Reimagined, By Charles Kosina
36: Designing Accelerators: Hardware vs. Software: Speed and Synthesis, By Nishant Mittal
39: Smart Lighting Technologies Leverage LEDs and IoT: Efficiency and Connectivity, By Jeff Child
47: Box-Level Systems Marry AI and IoT: Intelligence at the Edge, By Jeff Child
53: DATASHEET: DC-DC Converters: On Track for Performance, By Jeff Child
56: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: Building the ChipWhisperer-Husky: Upgraded Design, By Colin O’Flynn
59: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: Cabinet Simulator: “Stomp Box” for Guitarists: Using Teensy 4.1, By Brian Millier
68: FROM THE BENCH: Timekeeping Using an MCU: Stepper Substitute, By Jeff Bachiochi
75: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of Scalable IoT: Connecting and Managing IoT Devices at Scale, By Ken Lynch


Issue #375
October 2021
Intelligent Vision Systems

6: Building the COSMAC ELF Microcomputer: Retro Design Reloaded, By Scott Weber
14: Ultraviolet: The Next LED Frontier: Hurdles and Hopes Examined, By Faiz Rahman
18: Build a Power Supply Monitoring and Control System: Using the ESP32 MCU, By Anuj Justus Rajappa and Vairamani Kanagavel
26: Voltage-Level Translation in MCU Projects: Solutions for Digital Controllers, By Wolfgang Matthes
36: Cache Coherence and the ACE Protocol: Snooping and Synching, By Nishant Mittal
41: Intelligent Vision Systems Leverage Embedded Tech: Smart Cameras, Software and Box-Level Systems, By Jeff Child
48: RISC-V Shakes Up the Embedded Processor Space: Open ISA Era Is Here, By Jeff Child
54: DATASHEET: Sensor ICs: Integration and Performance, By Jeff Child
58: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: FreeRTOS (Part 6): FreeRTOS Security, By Bob Japenga
62: THE DARKER SIDE: Blocking and Interference Rejection: Signals and Sensitivity, By Robert Lacoste
68: FROM THE BENCH: How Gun-Style IR Thermometers Work (Part 2): Time for Temperature Tests, By Jeff Bachiochi
79: The Future of Massive IoT: Massive IoT and the Internet of Transformation, By Tom Nelson

6: Getting Started with AI at the Edge: Using QuickFeather and SensiML, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
14: Hacking MCU Pins: Repurposing Peripherals, By Stuart Ball
20: Building a COVID Test Drone (Part 2): Building the System, By Andrei Florian
34: COM Boards Enable Smart Warehouse Robots: Automated Assistants, By Dan Demers
38: Connected Cars Drive Needs for Advanced Chip Solutions: MCUs, SoCs and More, By Jeff Child
46: Technologies Enable Rich Features for Wearables: Big Challenges for Small Devices, By Jeff Child
52: DATASHEET: Open-Spec SBCs: Focus on Low Cost, By Jeff Child
56: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: Build a CNC Pendant for Mach3: Controller Redesign, By Brian Millier
63: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: AirTag Teardown and Security Analysis: Hacker vs. Tracker, By Colin O’Flynn
68: FROM THE BENCH: How Gun-Style IR Thermometers Work (Part 1): Foreheads and Fahrenheits, By Jeff Bachiochi
75: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of Secure Encryption: Embedded Tech Enables Blockchain and Crypto, By Paul Golata

6: Water Alarm Evolves to Full Home Security: Multi-Sensor Safety, By Devlin Gualtieri
16: Build a Motor Dynamometer: Using a PIC32 MCU, By Erika Yu, Aasta Gandhi and Kowin Shi
24: Build Your Own IoT Platform: Part 3: Adding Advanced Features, By Dhairya Parikh
32: Drone-Based Greenhouse Gas DAQ System: Using Teensy 4.1 Module, By Peter Shmerko and Dr. Chris Morton
40: Smart Building Designs Spur Demand for IoT Solutions: Futurized Facilities, By Jeff Child
48: Embedded AI Designs Embrace FPGAs and GPUs: High-Performance at the Edge, By Jeff Child
53: DATASHEET: Application-Specific MCUs: Target Market Mindset, By Jeff Child
56: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: FreeRTOS (Part 5): FreeRTOS+POSIX, By Bob Japenga
60: THE DARKER SIDE: Three-Phase Electric Power: Build Your Own Source, By Robert Lacoste
66: FROM THE BENCH: Putting 1-Wire Protocol into Action: Power and Control Share a Link, By Jeff Bachiochi
74: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of Smart Buildings: Sustainable, Smart Buildings: Planet, People and Profits, By Byron BeMiller

Advances in PCB Design Tools
6: Build a Drill Position Indicator: Using Arduino Nano, By Anuj Justus Rajappa and Vairamani Kanagavel
12: Building a COVID Test Drone: Part 1: Components and Connectivity, By Andrei Florian
22: Build Your Own IoT Platform: Part 2: Connecting to Devices, By Dhairya Parikh
30: Devices Aid Speech for People with Disabilities: Using the BBC micro:bit, By Matthew Oppenheim
38: PCB Design Tools Enhance Their DFM Capabilities: Portals and Platforms, By Jeff Child
42: Embedded Displays Offer New Features and Formats: Screens for All Seasons, By Jeff Child
46: DATASHEET: Embedded PCs: Complete Compute Solutions, By Jeff Child
52: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: Power Analysis of ECC Hardware Implementations: Curves and Keys, By Colin O’Flynn
56: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: A Digital Amplifier for TVs: Using a Teensy 4.1, By Brian Millier
68: FROM THE BENCH: Build Your Own Battery Monitor: Counting Coulombs, By Jeff Bachiochi
75: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of Smart Cities: 5G and Intelligent Transportation Tech Fuel Smart City Advances, By Steve Mazur

Issue #371
June 2021
Tech for Smart Transportation
6: Build a Sonar Echolocation Ranger: Using the PIC32 MCU, By Evan Kravitz and David Yang
14: Mag-Levitated Spinning Globe Project: Arduino-Controlled Décor, By Herwig Taveirne
28: Build Your Own IoT Platform: Part 1: The Setup, By Dhairya Parikh
36: Build a Smart Paddle Sport Device: Using Espressif’s ESP32 MCU, By Sandy Charlton, Rylen Enger, Dave Hodgson and Miles Krakowec Tickner
44: Box-Level Systems Fuel Intelligent Transportation: Computing on the Move, By Jeff Child
49: Integrated Sensors Solutions Bulk Up Functionality: Smart Combinations, By Jeff Child
55: DATASHEET: AC-DC Power Supplies: Multipurpose Trend, By Jeff Child
58: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: FreeRTOS (Part 4): Inter-Process Communication, By Bob Japenga
62: THE DARKER SIDE: Understanding Proper PCB Design (Part 3): Controlled Impedance Routing, By Robert Lacoste
68: FROM THE BENCH: Create a Calendar File Building App: Using Liberty BASIC, By Jeff Bachiochi
76: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of Neuromorphic Computing: Neuromorphic Computing Devices and Materials, By Ganesh Panaman

Issue #369
April 2021
Analog ICs for Industrial Systems
6: Build an RF-Controlled Robotic Car: Using Two PIC32 MCUs, By Drew Mera, Rohit Krishnakumar: and Asad Marghoob
12: Intro to Robot Operating System (ROS) (Part 2): Build an ROS-based Robotic Car, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
20: Build a Digital City Tour Guide: Using Sony’s Spresense Module, By Andrei Florian
32: Golf Cart Solar Charger Project: Using ADI’s LT8491 Controller IC, By Wade Tantrum, Damon Gagnon and Jordan Baird
38: How to Eliminate Switch Bounce: 5 Basic Methods, By Michael H. Pelkey
41: Analog ICs Fuel Modernization of Industrial Systems: Facilitating Smart Factories, By Jeff Child
48: Code Quality Tools Tame Software Complexities: Programming Perfection, By Jeff Child
52: DATASHEET: Mini-ITX and Pico-ITX SBCs: Single Board Success, By Jeff Child
57: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: FreeRTOS (Part 3): FreeRTOS Configuration, By Bob Japenga
62: FROM THE BENCH: Magnetic Repulsion-Based Levitation: Using ESP8266 and Arduino, By Jeff Bachiochi
70: THE DARKER SIDE: Understanding Proper PCB Design (Part 2): Multilayer Board Design, By Robert Lacoste
76: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of Energy Harvesting: Advancing Toward Forever Battery Life for the IoT, By Srinivas Pattamatta

Issue #368
March 2021
Chips for the Energy Market
6: Understanding LIN Bus: Car TPMS Tinkering, By Scott Weber
12: Intro to Robot Operating System (ROS) (Part 1): ROS Framework and Concepts, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
20: Build a Rubik’s-Cube-Solving Robot: Using a PIC32 MCU, By James Connelly and Shivansh Gupta
26: Build an Urban Air Quality Monitoring System: Using IoT Technologies, By Dhairya A. Parikh
35: Compiling Old Kernels Under Today's GNU/Linux: Docker Smooths the Way, By Kris Bahnsen
38: ICs Power Up Tech for the Energy Market: Electrification Ramps Up, By Jeff Child
46: Quick-Turn PCB Prototyping: Speedy Services at the Ready, By Jeff Child
52: DATASHEET: Panel PCs: Trend Leans App-Specific, By Jeff Child
56: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: Using ESP-NOW Protocol (Part 1): A Low-Power Wi-Fi Alternative, By Brian Millier
64: FROM THE BENCH: Control and Monitor Valves Remotely: High-Tech Plumbing with 8-bit MCU, By Jeff Bachiochi
70: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: Voltage Fault Injection on a Modern RPi SBC: Glitching Raspberry Pi 3B+, By Colin O’Flynn
75: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of DRAM for the IoT: Why HyperRAM Works Best: for IoT Designs, By Hsiu-min Lin

Issue #367
February 2021
Advances in Digital Signage
6: Multi-Sensor Device Measures Water Pollution: The UnifiedWater Project, By Andrei Florian
18: Giga-Bug: A Retro Game Revamp: Using Raspberry Pi and Python, By Chris Cantrell
24: Smart Gardening System Uses Raspberry Pi: The GardenPi Project, By Richard Sears
38: DDR4 DRAM 101: How it Works, By Nishant Mittal
42: Compact, Reliable Solutions Feed Digital Signage Needs: Small Systems for Big Displays, By Jeff Child
49: MCU Software Solutions Evolve for Today’s Needs: Support for AI, IoT and More, By Jeff Child
54: DATASHEET: Power/Battery Management ICs: Perfecting Power, By Jeff Child
58: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: FreeRTOS (Part 2): FreeRTOS Tasks, By Bob Japenga
62: THE DARKER SIDE: Understanding Proper PCB Design (Part 1): 4-Layer Board Design, By Robert Lacoste
70: FROM THE BENCH: Crafting a Custom Dictionary: Using Liberty BASIC, By Jeff Bachiochi
76: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of Mesh Networking: Wireless Networks for Tomorrow’s Safety Challenges, By Angela Quinn

Embedded Solutions for COVID-19
6: Build a Solar-Powered Weather Station: Using Adafruit IO, By Mark Komus
14: Build an Automated Fruit-Ripeness Detector: Banana Scan, By Christina Chang, Michelle Feng and Russell Silva
20: LoRa Air Quality Monitoring System: IoT Tech Put to Good Use, By Dhairya A. Parikh
28: Understanding the Ultra96 Board (Part 2): The Software, By Nishant Mittal
32: Embedded Tech Provides COVID-19 Era Solutions: Sensors, MCUs, AI and More, By Jeff Child
42: Data Acquisition Gear Looks to System Solutions: Leveraging the Best Ideas, By Jeff Child
48: DATASHEET: COM Express Boards: Upgradeable Computing, By Jeff Child
52: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: Finding a $Billion Dollar Fault Mode: Using EMFI Analysis, By Colin O’Flynn
58: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: A Deep Dive on Thunderboard Sense 2: Sensors for a Song, By Brian Millier
67: FROM THE BENCH: Build a Tiny OLED Display Subsystem: SSD1306 Out on a Cheap Date, By Jeff Bachiochi
74: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of LoRa-Networked IoT: Keeping Tomorrow’s IoT Connected, By Remi Lorrain

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Circuit Cellar magazine features engineering tutorials, detailed microcontroller-based projects, and embedded systems industry news for professional electrical engineers, EE/ECE academics, and highly skilled electronics enthusiasts. Since 1988, Circuit Cellar has featured projects and tutorials from the world's top engineers on subjects such as embedded development (e.g., prototyping and programming), signal processing (e.g., DSP chips and signal conditioning), programmable logic (e.g., FPGA projects), sensor systems (e.g., smart sensors and MEMS), 'Net-connected devices (e.g., IoT projects and protocol stacks), robotics (e.g., robotic systems and proximity sensing), and much more. Circuit Cellar is the ultimate resource for all of your electrical engineering-related needs.

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Circuit Cellar - May 2021

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