Issue #362
September 2020
Technology for Robotics
6: Machine Vision Random Number Generator: Using the Raspberry Pi, By Devlin Gualtieri
16: Write an Object Tracking Drone Application: Using OpenCV, MAVSDK and PX4, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
26: Forearm-Controlled Robotic Hand: Sensors and Servos, By Cassandra Scarpa and Caeli MacLennan
34: Frequency Independent Phase Shifter: Precise Solution, By Nishant Mittal
38: Build a Music Composition Assistant: PIC32-Based PICcompose, By Tara van Nieuwstadt and Laasya Renganathan
42: Embedded Solutions Step Up for Robotics Duties: Systems, Boards and Chips, By Jeff Child
49: Rugged SBCs Bulk Up for Harsh Environment Work: Toughness Trending, By Jeff Child
55: DATASHEET: Application-Specific MCUs: Focused Feature Sets, By Jeff Child
58: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: IC Packaging and Physical Security: Do They Affect One Another?, By Colin O’Flynn
62: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: Customer Counter Uses ESP32 MCU: A COVID-19 Era Tool, By Brian Millier
70: FROM THE BENCH: Dusting Off the Vinyl: Wireless-Connected Turntable, By Jeff Bachiochi
76: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of Workplace Productivity: Low-Power IoT Networking Solves Smart Building Challenges, By Byron BeMiller


4: IoT Desk Controller: Using a Raspberry Pi Pico, By Chris Cantrell
10: Build a Monitor for Houseplants: Using an Arduino UNO, Sensors, and Wireless RF Transmission, By Andrei Florian
18: Video Game Inspired by The Legend of Zelda: Implemented on a Raspberry Pi Pico MCU, By Tangia Sun, Emily Speckhals, and Max Klugherz
24: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE: Artificial Intelligence: For Fitness and Health Aids, By Michael Lynes
30: DATASHEET: IoT Modules: A Multitude of Connectivity Solutions, By Sam Wallace
34: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: Touching the Unknown With JTAG, By Colin O'Flynn  
40: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: Smoke Alarm Monitoring: With an ESP32, By Brian Millier
48: FROM THE BENCH: Lighting a Miniature Holiday Village: Part 2: It Takes Custom Lighting to Make a Village, By Jeff Bachiochi 
63: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Wireless Communication: Chip Antennas: Redefining Wireless Connectivity, By Shalini Nagar

4: No Blues with Bluetooth!: Part 1: An Introduction..., By Robert Lacoste
10: Zephyr RTOS: A Small, Real-Time Operating System for Embedded Devices, By Pedro Bertoleti
22: Silicon Integrated Circuit Manufacturing: Part 2: Making the Chips That Make Electronics Possible, By Faiz Rahman, PhD
26: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE: Cyber Security for IoT: On the Road to Canterbury, By Michael Lynes
32: DATASHEET: DSPs and DSCs, Time is of the Essence, By Sam Wallace
36: The Magic Smoke Factory: Make Your Own SoM: A Modular Approach, By Joseph Corleto  
42: START TO FINISH: ESD Protection, By Stuart Ball
46: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: An Embedded Designer Looks at Mobile App Development, By Bob Japenga
50: FROM THE BENCH: Lighting a Miniature Holiday Village: Using DotStar RGB LEDs with an ESP8266 & WEMOS-D1 Mini, By Jeff Bachiochi 
63: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Edge AI Vision: Edge AI Vision Kits: Elevating the Efficiency of Embedded Applications, By Maharajan Veerabahu

4: Create 3D Models of Components and Board Outlines in KiCad: Using the CadQuery Library for Python, By Matthew Oppenheim
10: Audio Player Using the RP2040, By Andrew Levido
17: Silicon Integrated Circuit Manufacturing: Part 1: Making the Chips That Make Electronics Possible, By Faiz Rahman, PhD
22: Build a Universal Infrared Remote: Using a Raspberry Pi Pico with an LCD Screen and SD Card, By Owen Louis and Liam Sweeney
28: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE: Robotics in Manufacturing: Apocalypse Now?, By Michael Lynes
34: DATASHEET: 32-Bit Microcontrollers: ARM Yourself with The Newest MCUs, By Sam Wallace
38: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: Particle IoT Platform Update: Part 2, By Brian Millier  
48: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: It’s About Time: When Timing Attacks Reveal Power Usage, By Colin O'Flynn
52: FROM THE BENCH: 3-Axis Digital Compass IC Modules: Making Sense from Confusion, By Jeff Bachiochi 
63: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of RF Systems: RFSoC System on Modules: Powering Satellite Communication, MIMO Deployments, and 5G Infrastructure, By Saira Banu

4: Programmable IO Programming: For the Raspberry Pi Pico, By Miguel Sánchez
12: (Not Very) Complex Math: In Analog Electronics, By Alex Pozhitkov, PhD
16: Machine Learning: Using an RP2040 and the Edge Impulse Platform, By Taylor Stephens and Adam Fofana
22: Why Use an RTOS?, By Bill Lamie and Yuxin Zhou
26: How to Choose Between Bare Metal, RTOS, and GPOS, By Jacob Beningo
28: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE: RTOS: Putting the REAL in Realtime, By Michael Lynes
34: DATASHEET: System-on-Modules: For When Ease-of-Design Is Key, By Sam Wallace
38: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Eliciting Software Requirements for Embedded Systems: Part 2: An Agile Approach, By Bob Japenga
42: START TO FINISH: Combating Electrical Noise: Keeping Your Circuits Quiet, By Stuart Ball
50: FROM THE BENCH: Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), By Jeff Bachiochi
63: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Mobile Connectivity: How is Connectivity on the Move Possible?, By Tristan Wood

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4: How to Program an ESP32: Using VS Code and ESP-IDF, Pedro Bertoleti
10: The Helix 511: A Review of OnLogic’s New Fanless Industrial Computer, By Brian Millier
20: A Modern Take on a Classic Game: Using an RP2040 Chip, GPS, Music, and More, By Deemo Chen and Sabian Grier
26: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE: Embedded Systems in Transportation, By Michael Lynes
32: DATASHEET: Tiny Embedded Boards: Feature-Rich and Ultra-Small, By Sam Wallace
36: START TO FINISH: Stepper Motors: A Primer for When You Need Precise Positioning, By Stuart Ball
42: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Eliciting Software Requirements for Embedded Systems: Part 1: Conventional Methods, By Bob Japenga
46: THE MAGIC SMOKE FACTORY: A Digitally Controlled Voltage Source, By Joseph Corleto
53: FROM THE BENCH: An Association Game for Pre-Readers: STEM or Toy?, By Jeff Bachiochi 
63: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of ML in Edge Equipment: Machine Learning Eases Power Requirements for Edge and IoT Devices, By Brian Santo

4: Building a Holographic Persistence-of-Vision Display: Paint Light Into Ethereal Floating Images Using a Raspberry Pi Pico, By Michael Crum, Joseph Horwitz, and Rabail Makhdoom
12: Backend Web Development for MCU Clients: Part 2: Querying a Database in PHP, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
22: RPiano: A Playable MIDI Synthesizer: On a Raspberry Pi Microcontroller, By Samiksha Hiranandani
30: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE: Embedded Displays, By Michael Lynes
38: DATASHEET: DC-DC Converters: From the Hyper-Small to the Far Out, By Sam Wallace
42: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: Before Transistors: How Did They Do It Back Then?, By Brian Millier
52: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: How CHERI Helps Secure Your C/C++ Code: On an FPGA, By Colin O'Flynn
56: FROM THE BENCH: Cellular, The Forgotten Wi-Fi: Part 3: Using NoteCard, an Embedded Communications Module, By Jeff Bachiochi 
71: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of RF Surveillance: Advancements in Drone RF Surveillance: Harnessing High Bandwidth and Wide Tuning Range Software-Defined Radios (SDRs), By Brandon Malatest
BONUS DIGITAL EDITION FEATURE ADDITION: Designing Combinational Circuitry: Employing Tiny Logic, By Wolfgang Matthes

4: Backend Web Development for MCU Clients: Part 1: Handling HTTP Requests in PHP, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
12: zram in Embedded Linux: How to Maximize RAM in a Linux Environment, By Pedro Bertoleti
16: Evaluating EDATEC’s Line of Industrial Modules: Based On the Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4, By Brian Millier
26: Build a Solar-Powered Bobblehead: Using an Electromagnet to Drive the Bobble, By Dev Gualtieri
30: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE: Tiny Embedded Boards, By Michael Lynes
36: DATASHEET: MEMS Sensors: They Sense Just About Everything, By Sam Wallace
40: START TO FINISH: When Technology Goes Wrong: How Bad It Can Get, and What You Can Do About It, By Stuart Ball
46: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: How Thin-Slicing Can Help Us: The Search for “Fists” in Embedded Systems, By Bob Japenga
50: FROM THE BENCH: Local Isolatio Using the Sun’s Energy: Part 2: Modbus Client, By Jeff Bachiochi
62: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of EV Efficiency: Gate-Drive Strength in EVs: Why Real-Time Variable Gate-Drive Strength Enables SiC Traction Inverter Efficiency Improvements, By George Lakkas

4: Controller for a Cifra 5 (Digit5) Flip Clock: Using a PIC16F84A MCU, an L293D Dual H-Bridge Motor Driver, and a DS3231 Real-Time Clock, By Carlo Tauraso
13: The Lego Hat: Built with a Raspberry Pi Zero and Lots of Glue, By Chris Cantrell
18: Real-Time Automatic Music Transcriber: Using a Raspberry Pi RP2040, By Chris Schiff, Jacob Lashin, and Romano Tio
24: A Versatile Assistive Technology Interface, By Matthew Oppenheim and Steve Hodges
30: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE: MCU Development Tools, By Michael Lynes
36: DATASHEET: Power/Battery Management ICs: A Wide Array of Solutions for Your Embedded System, By Sam Wallace
40: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: InPlay’s NanoBeacon: An Ultra-Low Power BLE Beacon That Needs Almost No Programming Effort, By Brian Millier
52: FROM THE BENCH: Local Isolation: Using the Sun’s Energy, By Jeff Bachiochi 
63: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Design Flexibility: Five Ways to Make Your Designs Future-Ready, By James Jaksich and Camron Chilton


4: Evaluation of Debugger on Arduino IDE V2.0.4, By Aubrey Kagan
12: Watchdogs in Embedded Linux: For More Robust Solutions, By Pedro Bertoleti
16: Prototype AI Apps with SenseCAP K1100: Part 2: Dog Detection and Deterrence, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
24: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE: Drone Development and Usage, By Michael Lynes
32: DATASHEET: Application-Specific MCUs: For Niche Embedded System Solutions, By Sam Wallace
36: THE MAGIC SMOKE FACTORY: Intro to Control Systems: Part 1: Meet Our Plant, By Joseph Corleto
41: START TO FINISH: Why’s It So Hot in here?: Thermal Basics, By Stuart Ball
46: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Debugging Embedded Real-Time Systems: Strategies for Finding Bugs, By Bob Japenga
50: FROM THE BENCH: I2C User Interface (I/O): Button It Up, By Jeff Bachiochi 
63: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Embedded Code Development: Tools Best Suited For Its Unique Requirements, By Rafael Taubinger


4: Build Your Own Infrared Signal Recorder: Using an Arduino Nano to Customize Any IR Remote Control, By Tommy Tyler
10: Designing Electronic Systems for an Underwater ROV: With “Semi-Wireless” Communication, Video, and Sensors, By Clinton Dundas, Alexander Ottosson, and Tony Biccum
16: Arbitrary Function Generator: An 8-bit Digital and Analog Design, By Brian Beard
24: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE: Digital Signage, By Michael Lynes
30: DATASHEET: MCUs with Built-In RF Capability: Chips with Range, By Sam Wallace
34: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: Home Controller Coordinates a Ductless Heat Pump: With an Existing Heating System, By Brian Millier
46: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: Running an Ibex RISC-V Core: On an FPGA, By Colin O'Flynn
50: FROM THE BENCH: Barometer: Under (Air) Pressure, By Jeff Bachiochi 
63: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Data Center Efficiency: Overcoming Power Obstacles in Data Centers, By Vito Savino

4: Prototype AI Apps with SenseCAP K1100: Part 1: Model Training and Deployment, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
13: Helping Students Find Uncongested Study Spaces: Using a Raspberry Pi 4, a PiTFT Display, and Data, By Minjung Kwon & Esther In
20: Measuring the Frequency Response of a DC Motor: Using Linear and Non-Linear Techniques, By Shlomo Engelberg, Aviel Maor, and Jakob (Kobi) Weizman
26: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE: AI and Robotics, By Michael Lynes
32: DATASHEET: AC-DC Power Supplies: Powering the Next Generation of Embedded Design, By Sam Wallace
36: START TO FINISH: Solar Energy—Getting Started, By Stuart Ball
41: THE MAGIC SMOKE FACTORY: RGB LED Animation: With a Rainbow Wave Pattern as an Example, By Joseph Corleto
46: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Debugging Embedded Real-Time Systems: Flawed Assumptions in Finding Bugs, By Bob Japenga
50: FROM THE BENCH: Artificial Dawn and Dusk: Don’t Scare the Chickens!, By Jeff Bachiochi 
63: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Sucessful PCB Manufacturing: Common PCB Design Mistakes, By Don Kaufman
BONUS DIGITAL EDITION FEATURE ADDITION: Solving Level-Translation and Logic Problems: Using Discrete Components, By Wolfgang Matthes

4: Device Trees in Embedded Linux: Using an External LED on a PocketBeagle as an Example, By Pedro Bertoleti
10: Let’s Understand Ground Stitching Vias, By Robert Lacoste
16: AWS for IoT Projects: Getting Started, By Dhairya Parikh
23: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE: Wearable Devices: A Brave New World, By Michael Lynes
28: DATASHEET: IoT Boards and Modules: Connect to the Internet of (All of the) Things, By Sam Wallace
32: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: Fault Injection and Power Analysis: Part of Your Appliance Repair Toolkit?, By Colin O'Flynn
38: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: A Lock-In Amplifier: Based on a PSoC5LP SoC, By Brian Millier
48: FROM THE BENCH: Blood Pressure Record Keeping: Building an ESP32-to-Raspberry Pi Bridge, By Jeff Bachiochi 
63: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Experience Driving: Smart Digital Cockpits—Enabled, By Miao Luo

4: Joulescope JS220: A Precision DC Energy Analyzer, By Brian Millier
14: Vintage-Style Tube Amplifier for Musicians: Built Using an ADAU1701 Audio System Chip and ESP32 MCU, By Avian Marinakis
20: FreeRTOS with Arduino: An Introduction, By Pedro Bertoleti
28: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE: Sensors: Integration and Development, By Michael Lynes
34: DATASHEET: 32-Bit Microcontrollers: Chips That Won’t Stop Evolving, By Sam Wallace
38: THE MAGIC SMOKE FACTORY: Thermistors: Sensitive Resistors to Measure Temperature, By Joseph Corleto
43: START TO FINISH: Biometrics: How Do I Know You Are Who You Say You Are?, By Stuart Ball
48: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Debugging Embedded Real-Time Systems: Strategies for Duplicating Bugs, By Bob Japenga
52: FROM THE BENCH: Digital Audio Files: Replacing a Proprietary Format, By Jeff Bachiochi 
58: Product News: Technology Trending at the World Ag Expo 2023, By Steve Prescott
63: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of AI Manufacturing: Deploying AI Successfully in Manufacturing, By Nicol Ritchie

4: Bicycle Light Using ANT+ Protocol: Tail Light Control via Garmin Navigator, By Carlo Tauraso 
12: Autonomous Beach Cleaning Robot: A High-Level Overview, By Angela Loh 
18: The Compass Bot: Or: How to Give Your Robot a Sense of Direction, By Chris Cantrell 
24: Smart Home Without the Cloud: Ultimate Control Using Raspberry Pi, By Dev Gualtieri 
32: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE: PCB Design and Prototyping, By Michael Lynes 
38: DATASHEET: DSPs & DSCs: High Performance Chips for Digital Signal Processing and Control, By Sam Wallace 
42: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: A Power Consumption Monitor for IoT Boards: Using a Teensy 4.1 MCU, High-Side Current Monitors, and ADCs, By Brian Millier 
52: FROM THE BENCH: Seeing Through the Fog: Using BLE Advertisement to Determine Location, By Jeff Bachiochi
58: Product News, By Stephen Vicinanza
62: Test Your EQ, By David Tweed
63: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Supply Chain Management: Weathering High Jet Fuel Prices: Three Questions to Ask Your Supply Chain Partner, By Doug Adams & Peggy Carrieres

4: Improved Color Control for Analog LED Strips: Using a PSoC 6 MCU and Picovoice AI, By Alexandru Dumitrache
12: Build a Custom IoT App with AWS IoT: Part 2: Serverless Application, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
20: The NuttX Engineer: An Introduction to Apache Nuttx, By Pedro Bertoleti
28: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE: Data Acquisition Tech: An Overview, By Michael Lynes
34: DATASHEET: Embedded PCs: Complete Compute Solutions, By Sam Wallace
38: THE MAGIC SMOKE FACTORY: Assemble Professional-Looking PCBs, By Joseph Corleto
44: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Debugging Embedded Real-Time Systems: Strategies to Determine if a Problem is in HW or SW, By Bob Japenga
48: START TO FINISH: Getting Started—PCBs: A Primer on Creating Printed Circuit Boards, By Stuart Ball
53: FROM THE BENCH: Under Pressure?: May the Force Be with You, By Jeff Bachiochi
59: Product News, By Stephen Vicinanza
62: Test Your EQ, By David Tweed
63: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of AI Security: Using AI for Improved Home Safety, By Sam Weitzman

4: Build a Custom App with AWS IoT: Part 1: Embedded IoT Device, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
14: An Introduction to FPGAs: From Flip-Flops to Applications, By Nishant Mittal
18: The Evolution of Flat Panel TV Technology: From CRT to OLED and Beyond, By Faiz Rahman
23: Level Switch for Non-Conductive Liquids, By Alex Pozhitkov, PhD
26: Smart Buildings and Cities: Proactive Planning for Your Business, By Michael Lynes
32: DATASHEET:  PC/104 Boards: Vital in Harsh Enviorments, By Sam Wallace
36: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: A Potentiostat for Performing Electrochemical Experiments, By
Brian Millier
46: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: Keeping Your Memories Secret: SRAM Read-Back Attacks, By
Colin O'Flynn
52: From the Bench: A Radar Speed Monitor: This Time Using Raspberry Pi Pico, By Jeff Bachiochi
62: Test Your EQ 
63: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Private LTE - Private Cellular Networks in Buildings, By Stephen Kowal

6: The Amazing Electret: Near-Permanent Charge Without a Voltage Supply, By George R. Steber
14: Remote Updating of Microcontroller Firmware: Using an ESP32 MCU and Apache HTTP Server, By Pedro Bertoleti
22: Software-Defined Radios: Their Use in Testing & Measurement Applications, By Brendon McHugh and Kaue Morcelles
28: GUI-O: A “Virtual” Front Panel: For ESP32 Projects, By Brian Millier
39: Automated Test Suite: The Selection, By Michael Lynes
46: DATASHEET: Tiny Embedded Boards: A Range of Powerful, Ultra-Compact Options, By Sam Wallace
50: THE MAGIC SMOKE FACTORY: Smartphone App with ESP32, By Joseph Corleto
58: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Debugging Embedded Real-Time Systems: Tools Needed to Debug On the Go, By Bob Japenga
62: START TO FINISH: Introduction to Impedance: What is It, and How it Applies to Embedded Systems, By Stuart Ball
68: From the Bench: Just How Fast Was I Driving, Officer? Build a Solar-Powered Radar Detector, By Jeff Bachiochi
78: Test Your EQ 
79: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Data Centers: It’s Time to Rethink Data Center Architecture, By Vito Savino

6: Detecting and Reporting Illegal Logging: Using an Arduino MKR FOX 1200 Microcontroller, By Andrei Florian
18: Environmental Monitoring with a Raspberry Pi Pico W: Using MicroPython and Cloud Services, By Miguel Sánchez
24: Rebuild Ni-Cd Battery Packs for Power Tools: When the Battery No Longer Holds a Charge, Just Replace the Cells, By James Lyman
32: Build a Speech-Controlled, Sudoku-Solving Robot: Using a Raspberry Pi Microprocessor and Camera, By Arijit Das
42: Overcome the Automation “Flexibility Gap”: A Software-Based AI Approach to Robot Control, By Matt Jones
45: IoT and Smart Agriculture: Continuing the Green Revolution, By KC Prescott
50: Datasheet: DC-DC Converters: Industry Specific Solutions, By Sam Wallace
54: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: Exploring RSA Power Analysis (Again): Capturing an RSA-1024 Power Trace in One Shot, By Colin O'Flynn
58: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: The Teensy Audio Station: Part 2 — The Digital Circuitry, By Brian Millier
65: FROM THE BENCH: Rainbow LEDs: Comparing Options, By Jeff Bachiochi
78: Test Your EQ
79: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Asset Tracking: Improving Supply Chain Reliability with IoT Tracking, By Karthik Ranjan

6: Extending Machine Instructions: How to Turn a Processor Temporarily into a Microprogrammed Control Unit, By Wolfgang Matthes
14: Interfacing with Video Game Controllers: How to Read Inputs, By Joseph Corleto
20: Small-Scale Game of Life: Using PIC32, By Ian Kim Riley, David Wolfers, and 
Connor Thomas
26: Repurposing Old Disk Drives For Rotary Encoders: Using a Teensy LC Microcontroller, By Brian Millier
32: 12th Gen Intel Core Processors on COM-HPC and COM Express Computer-on-Modules: First True Hybrid x86 Architecture Offers Quantum Core Count Leap, By Zeljko Loncaric
36: A Comprehensive Introduction of TinyML (Part 4): Gesture Recognition on the Edge, By Dhairya Parikh
42: Navigating the Smart Home Market: Efficieny and Security, By Sam Wallace
48: Open ISA RISC-V: Cements Its Place in the Semiconductor Universe, By Stephen Vicinanza
56: DATASHEET: Sensor ICs: Smaller, Faster, and More Powerful, By Sam Wallace
60: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Debugging Embedded Real-Time Systems: Tools to Help Us Debug, By
Bob Japenga
64: START TO FINISH: Voltage Regulators, By Stuart Ball
69: From the Bench: Don’t Touch That!: You Don’t Know Where It’s Been, By Jeff Bachiochi
78: Test Your EQ 
79: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Memory: The Time for ReRAM, By Eran Briman

6: Addressable RGB LEDs: A fast and Easy Way to Create Flexible RGB LED Lighting, By Joseph Corleto
12: Build a Play-Along Keyboard: Using a PIC32 Microcontroller, By Elias Hanna, Marek Chmielewski, and Matias Goldfeld
20: PIC32 Based Home Arcade: Solo and Arcade Mode Game Project, By Chuyue (Alga) Peng and Xiangyi Zhao
26: Advanced Metal Detector: A Traditional and Simplified Version, By Dev Gualtieri
32: A Comprehensive Introduction of TinyML (Part 3): Building a Home Security System with Face Recognition, By Dhairya Parikh
38: AroundSound: Digital Echolocation for the Visually Impaired, By Amulya Khurana, Krithik Ranjan & Aparajito Saha
44: Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: A Review, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
50: Displays for Embedded Systems: Application-Specific Display Solutions, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
54: DATASHEET: Open-Spec SBCs: A Bounty of Options
58: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: Breaking the Loop with Fault Injection: A Simple Experiment on an Embedded System's Code, By Colin O'Flynn
62: Picking Up Mixed Signals: The Teensy Audio Station (Part 1): The Circuitry and Audio Library, By Brian Millier
69: From the Bench: It’s All HD Now: The Gameduino GDX3 Dazzler, By Jeff Bachiochi
78: Test Your EQ 
79: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Autonomous Driving: Car Wars, By Ivana Delevska

6: A Rubik’s Cube Solving Guide: Based on a PIC32 Microcontroller, By Alexander Drazic, Tushar Khan, and Myles Cherebin 
12: Oscilloscope Music: Visualizing Sounds and Hearing Images, By Ruby Min, Samantha Cobado, and Eric Kahn
20: An Executive Decision Maker, By Dev Gualtieri, Tikalon LLC
23: Building a Drop-In Automotive HMI: Using a Raspberry Pi 4B, Power Delivery Module, and Touchscreen, By Walter Parsons, Tyrell Collins, and Dylan Davis
28: Building A Tri-effect Guitar Pedal: Using a PIC32 MCU, By Kingsley Odae, Jade Pinkenburg, and Jake Sanders
34: A Comprehensive Introduction of TinyML (Part 2): Adding Voice Control to existing Smart Home Systems, By Dhairya Parikh
42: Innovations in Wearable Devices: With Smart Products and Wearables in Healthcare, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
48: FPGAs for AI and Machine Learning: Reconfigurable Chip for Embedded Solutions, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
54: Datasheet: Application-Specific MCUs: With the Functionality for Targeted Application Requirements, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
60: START TO FINISH Microcontroller Interrupts, By Stuart Ball
66: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Debugging Embedded Real-Time Systems: Bugs that Bug Us, By Bob Japenga
70: From the Bench: Build Quiz Game Based on Key Fob: Q&A Game Project with MEGA 2560 and Key Fobs, By Jeff Bachiochi
75: Product News
78: Test Your EQ 
79: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of GPS Tracking: Managing Power Consumption: The Next Challenge in Miniature Tracker Designs, By Michael Castle

6: Searching for Gold with X-Rays: Using a Common PIN Photodiode, By George R. Steber
14: Designing and Building a PIC32 Video Game: Sharks and Minnows Multiplayer Game, By Tyler Bisk and Chidera Wokonko
20: Asynchronous High-Bandwidth, Low-Latency Communication: CPU-Intensive Devices, By Joseph Whelan, Akugbe Imudia, and Devlin Babcock
28: Sunrise Alarm Clock: Wake Up with a Natural Sunrise Simulation, By Jonathan Pfeifer
34: A Comprehensive Introduction of TinyML (Part 1): Control RGB LED Using Voice Commands, By Dhairya Parikh 
40: PCB Design Tool Trends: Designing Circuit Board Blueprints, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
46: Wireless Connectivity Choices: Efficient and Scalable Approaches to Connecting Embedded Systems, 
By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
50: DATASHEET Embedded PCs: Handling Demanding Conditions, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
54: Picking Up Mixed Signals: Building a Touchscreen Display (Part 2): Using the Bridgetek BT81x Controller Family, By Brian Millier
64: Embedded System Essentials: Revisiting Code Readout Protection Claims, By Colin O’Flynn
69: From the Bench: Heart Monitoring from Home: A Personal EKG Device and Heart Monitor,
By Jeff Bachiochi 
76: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: TECH THE FUTURE: The Future of Climate Change: Tackling Climate Change With Satellite IoT, By Laurent Vieira de Mello

6: Build IoT Secure Apps with AWS Services: AWS IoT EduKit Overview, by Raul Alvarez-Torrico
14: A New Option for Renewable Backup Energy: For Solar Power and Batteries, By Nicholas Lockwood, Philip Shuck, Daniel Pedro, and Navin Francis
20: Asymmetric VR Game with Custom Microcontroller Peripherals: Collaborative Game, By Cameron Haire, Michaela Bettez, and Daniel Batan
28: Build a Wattmeter/PowerGrid Analyzer, By Vincent Thiernesse
37: Low Distortion Voltage-Controlled Floating Resistor, By Dimitri Danyuk
43: Technologies for Digital Signage: Realistic Representation with Digital Signage, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
50: Sensor Solutions for Embedded Systems, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
54: DATASHEET: AC-DC Power Supplies: Convert power AC to DC, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
58: START TO FINISH: Getting Started – Capacitors, By Stuart Ball
64: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Debugging Embedded Real-Time Systems (Part 2): Bugs of Time, By Bob Japenga
69: FROM THE BENCH: Small Signal Sampling: In a Heartbeat, By Jeff Bachiochi
74: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of  Manufacturing: The Current State of Electronics Manufacturing and Why It’s No Longer Sustainable, By Ted Pawela

6: Drone Captures 3D Building Model: The PANTHER I Project, By Benjamin Jackson, Job Matthew Yap, Kipling Dickie, Arman Espallardo, and Jaden Prigione
12: Getting Started with Resistors: Workhorses Devices, By Stuart Ball
18:Build a USB-C Power Supply: Plug-In Power, By Andrew Levido
26:Custom Power Converters for an Electric Vehicle: Cornell EV Team Design, By Eric Kahn
32:Raspberry Pi Rescue Robot: The Scouting Owl Project, By Robby Huang and Parth Sarthi Sharma
38:Advances in Railway Systems: The Importance of Embedded Technologies for Modern Railway Systems, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
44:Embedded MCU Software Development Suites, By Brian Millier
50: Datasheet: Mini-ITX and Pico-ITX SBCs: Picking Up Mixed Signals, By Al Mahmud Al Mamun
54: Building a Touchscreen Display: Using a Bridgetek BT81x, By Brian Millier
64: Embedded System Essentials: Taking a Look at RISC-V Power Analysis, By Colin O'Flynn
68: Hand Gesture Detection: Using Broadcom’s APDS-9960, By Jeff Bachiochi 
79: The Future of  Wearables: The Revolution of Bio-MEMS with Smart Wearables, By Nishant Mittal

6: Getting Started with RTOSes: RTOS on an MCU, By Stuart Ball
12: Capacitive Touch Keyboard for Synthesizers: The LMS101 Project, By Liam Brinston, Michael Brown and Silas Jantzen
20: Antique Clock Accuracy Project: Reloaded: PSoC4 MCU Back in Action, By Aubrey Kagan
28: Build a Long-Term DAQ System (Part 2): The Software Design, By Anuj Justus
40: Drone Development Kits Add Intelligence, Features: Skyward Solutions, By Jeff Child
46: Raspberry Pi Add-On Ecosystem Grows: RPi HAT Roundup, By Jeff Child
52: DATASHEET: 32-bit Microcontrollers: Embedded Workhorse, By Jeff Child
55: THE DARKER SIDE: The Darker Side: The 100th!: 15 Years, Fearless and Fun, By Robert Lacoste
60: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Debugging Embedded: Real-Time Systems (Part 1): The Bugs, By Bob Japenga
66: FROM THE BENCH: Using I2S to Transfer Digital Data (Part 2): The Output Side, By Jeff Bachiochi 
74: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of Real-Time in Databases: Embedded Databases in Real-Time Systems, By Steve Graves

6: Home Air Quality Monitoring (Part 3): Web Server Application, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
18: Make a Stochastic Music Generator: PIC32-Based Design, By William Salcedo, Rishi Singhal and Raghav Kumar
24: Build a Torsion Pendulum: Using an 8-bit PIC MCU, By Devlin Gualtieri
28: Build a Long-Term DAQ System (Part 1): The Hardware Design, By Anuj Rajappa
36: Box-Level Systems Focus on Condition Monitoring: Predictive Proficiency, By Jeff Child
44: Flex PCB Services: Bendable Boards is Their Business, By Jeff Child
48: DATASHEET: Panel PCs: Versatile Visualization, By Jeff Child
52: FROM THE BENCH: Using I2S to Transfer Digital Data (Part 1): The Input Side, By Jeff Bachiochi 
59: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: Build a Touchscreen IR Remote: Using an ESP32 MCU, By Brian Millier 
70: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: Build Your Own EMFI Tool: The PicoEMP Project, By Colin O’Flynn
75: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of Bioelectronics: Bioelectronics: Where Bits Meet Biology, By Thomas Herget and Steven Johnston

6: Home Air Quality Monitoring (Part 2): The Android Application, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
18: Build a Maze Generator and Game: Using a PIC32 MCU, By Kyle Infantino, Jack Brzozowski and Dilan Lakhani
25: Microprogramming Choices Explained (Part 2): Microprogrammable Machines, By Wolfgang Matthes
36: Build a Voice-Controlled Spider Robot: The SDY-DER Project, By Arijit Das
42: Multiple Layers of Technology Enable Smart Cities: Connectivity and Collaboration, By Jeff Child
49: Rugged SBCs Suit Up for Tough Duties: Ready for Rough Stuff, By Jeff Child
54: DATASHEET: COMe and COM-HPC Boards: Modular Compute Muscle, By Jeff Child
58: FROM THE BENCH: Build an IR-Based LEGO Train Controller (Part 2): IR Receiving End, By Jeff Bachiochi
64: THE DARKER SIDE: RF Location Techniques: Methods and Measurements, By Robert Lacoste 
70: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: Lehman’s Laws of Software Evolution: Rules to Code By, By Bob Japenga
75: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of Embedded FPGAs: eFPGA: The Proof is in the Tape Out, By Andy Jaros

6: Home Air Quality Monitoring (Part 1): Using Nordic’s nRF5340 Dev Kit, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
16: PLC-Based Swimming Pool System: The PoolOS Project, By Dr. Alexander Pozhitkov, PhD
22: Microprogramming Choices Explained (Part 1): The Microprogram Control Unit, By Wolfgang Matthes
32: Developing Secure Embedded Systems, By Shifting Left with DevSecOps, By Mark Pitchford
38: Embedded PCs Enable Next-Gen Transportation Systems: Fueling Future Needs, By Jeff Child
48: Modularity Leads Data Acquisition Trends: Flexible Functionality, By Jeff Child
52: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: Testing Timing Attacks on Access Control: Premises Protection, By Colin O’Flynn
58: PICKING UP MIXED SIGNALS: Designing MCU-Based Lab Instruments: Using the Cypress PSoC 5LP MCU, By Brian Millier
70: FROM THE BENCH: Build an IR-Based LEGO Train Controller (Part 1): Near-Wavelength IR in Action, By Jeff Bachiochi
76: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of SAR Compliance: Smart Sensors Ensure Connectivity and Safety Compliance, By David Wong

6: Sports Wearable Uses ANT+ Protocol: The tempANT+ Project, By Carlo Tauraso
15: Build a Robotic Arm with Linear Actuators: Threaded-Rod Approach, By Alexandru Dumitrache
22: A Review: Nora Flight Controller and XunWing X4 Quadcopter: Drone Deep Dive, By Raul Alvarez-Torrico
32: Build an Autonomous Mapping Rover: The NanoBot Project, By Dhairya Parikh
42: MCU Vendors Lock In New Security Solutions: Device Defense In-Depth, By Jeff Child
49: Test and Measurement Tools Push Performance Barriers: Speedy Solutions, By Jeff Child
54: DATASHEET: Tiny Embedded Boards: Petite but Powerful, By Jeff Child
58: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: FreeRTOS (Part 7): FreeRTOS, TCP and the Internet, By Bob Japenga
63: THE DARKER SIDE: Playing with I-V Curves: Plot-Powered Insights, By Robert Lacoste
68: FROM THE BENCH: Refrigerator Repair Project: Using Espressif’s ESP32 MCU, By Jeff Bachiochi
75: Product News
78: Test Your EQ
79: The Future of Full Lifecycle Security: DevSecOps and Full Lifecycle Security, By Arlen Baker

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Circuit Cellar magazine features engineering tutorials, detailed microcontroller-based projects, and embedded systems industry news for professional electrical engineers, EE/ECE academics, and highly skilled electronics enthusiasts. Since 1988, Circuit Cellar has featured projects and tutorials from the world's top engineers on subjects such as embedded development (e.g., prototyping and programming), signal processing (e.g., DSP chips and signal conditioning), programmable logic (e.g., FPGA projects), sensor systems (e.g., smart sensors and MEMS), 'Net-connected devices (e.g., IoT projects and protocol stacks), robotics (e.g., robotic systems and proximity sensing), and much more. Circuit Cellar is the ultimate resource for all of your electrical engineering-related needs.

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Circuit Cellar Magazine - September 2020

Circuit Cellar Magazine - September 2020

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