本期消防月刊專題報導為「瓦礫堆下生存者的救星-談我國災害搜救犬之演進」。犬隻擁有高於人類至少10,000倍以上的嗅覺和40倍以上的聽覺，當山難、建築物倒塌和雪崩等意外事故發生時，在尖端救災工具都無法搜索的惡劣情況下，搜救犬卻能有效地執行搜救任務。內政部消防署自民國90年起，便積極推廣搜救犬之馴養，並自94年開始，每年均辦理全國搜救犬評量，更於101年以TSSRT (Taiwan Special Search and Rescue Team，臺灣特種搜救隊)名義申請加入IRO（International Rescue-Dog Organization，國際搜救犬組織），正式成為國家級的國際搜救犬組織會員。

Historic Sites and buildings are much more vulnerable to fires compared to ordinary buildings because the  condition of firefighting facilities is not suitable for installment. Therefore, we should evaluate their fire resistance  according to the prevention guidelines, improve their fire-prevention self-management, work on the tactics in fire  scenario, and continue to sharpen our ability to accommodate changes so that these precious cultural heritages  can be kept safe.

With the coming of global warming and extreme climate, how do we take measures to deal with the complex  disasters in our densely-populated island? This month we had an interview with Chen Wen-lung, the Director  General of the National Fire Agency. Chen is arguably one of the most experienced heads in the fire agency, who  has worked his way up from a Branch Head, an Associate Technical Specialist, a Lieutenant, a Captain, a Section  Chief at the local fire stations, to a Section Chief, a Chief Secretary and Deputy Director General in the National  Fire Agency.

National Search and Rescue Operational Center (RCC), Executive Yuan an integrated platform that redistributes rescue resources of different departments, has played a vital role in helping to deal with a variety of catastrophes and emergency event, such as 2018 Hualien earthquake, 2019 Nan fang’ ao Bridge Collapse, or climbing disasters, shipwrecks and air emergency.
So as to expand the rescue field in academic exchange and combine theory with practice in the rescue field, thus enhancing rescue skills, RCC held a yearly seminar on the topic of rescue and search at the International Conference Hall of Joint Development Building, Xindian District, New Taipei City on Dec. 11th. During the opening ceremony, Chen Zong-yan, the Deputy Minister of the Interior, recognized the staff members, companies and NGOs for their  enthusiastic and generous support of the 2019 rescue-related events.

In this year, we have ushered in new challenges of the 20th anniversary of 921 earthquake. To make
sure the precautions against scenario of massive-scale earthquakes in central region are wisely taken,the National Fire Agency, Ministry of the Interior simulated a similar situation and launched an emergency drill on September 20th, 2019. Among the attending list were Taiwan Armed Forces, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Environmental Protection Administration, Executive Yuan and disaster-relief workers nationwide. Tzu Chi, a voluntary group, also camped at three spots there, taking care of workers’ needs by offering supplies such as food, drinks, camps, tables and chairs. Furthermore, Funayama, a Japan food company, also donated emergency food supplies to participants, showing the strong support and backup from non-governmental forces for disaster relief work. The drill, under the direction of Taiwan vice president, has mobilized over 1000 people, 155 cars, and two C-130 Hercules. Experts from the US, EU, Japan and New Zealand were also there observing the whole responding process. It not only proved that the emergency dispatch was feasible in case of massive earthquakes, but also showed the national disaster-relief effort had rapidly improved for past twenty years after 921 earthquake.

Dogs have long been a fundamental part in human lives. Some of them seem like our kids,
who warmly keep us company, while others serve as guide dogs—indispensable companions for
the visually impaired. In fact, dogs are born with such talents that, through training, can achieve
what humans cannot —search and rescue (SAR) dogs, for example.
Despite technological advances, SAR dogs remain irreplaceable. With up to 220 million
olfactory cells, dogs are able to catch signs of life in the air that human cannot, such as smells
or hormones. Therefore, they are highly efficient in pinpointing specific areas for rescuers to do
their job among the help of other devices. SAR dogs are arguably the most powerful weapon in
a disaster area. As a result, they always remain the top priority. Doing search and rescue without
them can be hard or even unimaginable.

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is widely used in daily life and the importance of energy. It’s not only a motivity of the economic development, but also an indispensable part of supplies for our daily life. Recently, there are about 10.89 million (reference data from the ministry of the interior fire department official statistics) steel liquefied petroleum gas containers (hereinafter referred to as "container"). It shows that the usage of LPG is really close to our life. On the other hand, the container is equipped with pressure of liquefied petroleum gas, besides it’s easily found by surroundings, so how to maintain the container in a good statute is a very important.

In order to fully implement the Fire Act article 13 and enforcement rule 15, the function of selfguard fire protection grouping in fire prevention plan, and provide the system for testifying the administrator’s ability of self-guard Fire protection grouping in every fire departments, National Fire Agency integrates “High Level Building Complex Self-Guard Fire Protection Drill And Testify Plan”, “Large Space Self-Guard Fire Protection Drill And Testify Plan”, “Institution for Elder And Disability Social Welfare Self-Guard Fire Protection Drill And Testify Plan”, “Tourist Hotels And Traditional Hotel Self-Guard Fire Protection Drill And Testify Plan” and “ The Introduction of SelfGuard Fire Protection Drill And Testify Plan” and provides easy approaches to operate Self-guard fire protection grouping with a step by step manner to guild fire authorities and communicate with building owner and fire prevention manager.

Emergency medical services (EMS) originated from ancient wars, where hand-to-hand combat was common. The key to victory, thus, depended on the number of living warriors. To increase the survival rate, Charles V decided to use horses in the battle of Metz to carry wounded warriors to the back for treatment. That was the earliest form of EMS. After Napoleon came into power, his chief surgeon, Dominique Jean Larrey, with his practical experience and vast knowledge of science, started to transform carriages into ambulances. Then he had those horse-drawn ambulances ready in the back of military troops--whenever someone was wounded, the ambulances, carrying doctors and medical equipment, would come to his rescue. Since then, treatment in the field has become the core of contemporary medical system. Furthermore, Larrey suggested that the priority of treatment should depend on the severity of injury rather than rank, which was the start of triage.

Given that there have been several cases in which nursing homes caught on fire, causing severe injury, it is obvious that the elder with difficulties to walk or in need of life-sustaining equipment are prone to danger and have trouble saving themselves when a fire breaks out in nursing homes.  
To make such places more effective to extinguish a fire, the ministry of the interior has enforced a new standard on Oct. 17th, 2018: for veteran homes, long-term care homes, elders’ welfare institutions, nursing homes and disability institutions, setting up a sprinkler system is a must, no matter how big the building is. It would be hard, however, for some to build standard sprinkler systems due to their own condition. Thus, after taking into account the experience of the US and Japan, the authorities have ruled that for buildings whose floor area is less than one thousand square meters, they can set up sprinkler systems that link to existing water-pipe system, making automatic fire extinguishing possible and far easier.

On April 15th 2019, a disastrous fire swept through the world-famous Notre-Dame de Paris, causing fierce blaze and clouds of black smoke. Onlookers were stunned when they found out the delicate roof and spire were destroyed.
“We now know it all came down to 15-30 minutes,” said Laurent Nuñez, France’s junior interior minister. He added that within the next 48 hours, police and firefighters would evaluate the security and safety of the structure.
After the fire, the glorious rose windows and arcades were smoked black, two-thirds of the roof destroyed, and on the ground remained dust, rubbles and tons of water. As the top priority was to investigate the cause of the fire, a team of 50 had been formed to undergo the investigation, said
the Paris prosecutor Rémy Heitz, and they would soon interrogate the workers of 5 construction companies involved in renovation work at the cathedral. This investigation was not only to pinpoint the cause, but to help prevention.

According to the "Fire Command and Rescue Operation Points of Fire Department", the fire department must provide a Fire Rescue Report due to the following catastrophe occur: (1) Death toll over two (2) The number of casualties over ten (3) More than ten houses on fire (4) Property loss over 5 million. In addition, the fire department should hold a meeting with concerned rescue departments to review the rescue process-if the standard procedure was followed and how the command decision was made. This will not only serve as the criteria for reward and punishment; it also helps enhance rescue performance in the future. Both the Fire Rescue Report (including meeting record) and the case for education must be turned in to National Fire Agency, Ministry of  the Interior within two weeks after the catastrophe occurs.  Since Nov. 2014, I’ve been reviewing over 160 Fire Rescue Reports and thus would like to  provide feedback on current fire rescue situation.

Taking into account the latest development of technology, the National Fire Agency held a forum on 11th Dec. 2018, to introduce advanced firefighting skills and devices that would enhance the emergency service and the safety of firefighters. The National Fire Agency intended to build an online platform not only to display the latest firefighting devices but also increase SAR efficiency  and to ensure the safety of firefighters.
To adopt the latest technology for emergency service, the National Fire Agency held talks with  a variety of related organizations, including government organizations, non-governmental rescue  groups, fire protection associations and manufacturers, hoping that this interaction would inspire
creativity and new ideas beneficial to emergency service.

"Roger!" Laying down the pager and putting on the equipment as quick as a flash, every firefighter is running nonstop on the way to the rescue site, for hope and people’s chances of survival.
Wherever there is a disaster, there are always firefighters, who have taken practical actions to make the miracles of life saving happen, so that people could sleep tight and have sweet dreams under the protective umbrella of Phoenix, and Taiwan could be promised and peaceful future.
In order to appreciate the great efforts and contributions made by firefighters, volunteer firefighters, and other volunteers nationwide, National Fire Agency, Ministry of the Interior hosted 2018 Phoenix Award Ceremony on 19 January, or “119 Fireman Festival”. 72 role models selected from national firefighters, volunteer firefighters, and other volunteers who have diligently dedicated their time to fire prevention advocacy, emergency medical service, disaster prevention and relief gathered together to receive commendation.
The award ceremony was officially held at 3 pm. Premier of Executive Yuan Su Tseng-chang and Minister of the Interior Hsu, Kuo-yung both attended the ceremony to express their recognition and gratitude for fire service personnel’s devotion. Witnessed by all the attendees, the set-up of "Firefighters Medical Care Charity Trust Fund" was announced during the ceremony, which demonstrates the government’s good intentions and determination to take care of firefighters, volunteer firefighters, and collaborative civil force.

2018 National Firefighters’ and Volunteer Firefighters’ Competition was grandly launched on October 20 at Training Center of National Fire Agency, Ministry of the Interior. This is also the first time that the firefighters and volunteer firefighters teamed up to participate in the competition, adhering to the spiritual slogan “Show Your Greatest Strength for Disaster Relief, Firefighters Go!Go! Go!” Firefighters and volunteer firefighters who are engaged in disaster relief throughout the country enthusiastically took part in this grand competition, demonstrating the spirit of 
 activeness,enthusiasm, and hard working, which is unique to firefighting heroes. Accompanied by the Minister of the Interior Hsu Kuo-Yung, President Tsai Ing-wen came to the scene to cheer for the players
and review the teams from different counties and cities.

The drill aimed at verifying the feasibility of the firefighting and disaster relief plan for a massive earthquake disaster of Magnitude 6.6 in Shanchiao fault zone simulated by National Fire Agency.
By mobilizing the disaster relief forces of fire departments in municipalities, cities, and counties islandwide, as well as the Ministry of National Defense, and providing supports through land and air transportation via NFA’s mobilization routes.Therefore, the authorities would be able to effectively check whether local governments’ resource preparation and dispatch mechanisms are adequate.
Additionally, the model of mobilization and assembly, disaster relief bases, and the allocation of supporting forces in the disaster areas illustrated in the plan could also be examined. In the future, NFA will cooperate with the Ministry of Science and Technology to carry out simulations on the seismic focus of massive earthquakes and damage estimation in central, southern, and eastern Taiwan, and then develop corresponding firefighting and disaster relief plan for massive earthquakes. Furthermore, exercises will be conducted in order to verify the plan and strengthen the massive earthquake response.By doing so, we could provide the support of disaster relief quickly for the sake of safeguarding people’s lives and properties.

The house should be a place to share love and joy with the family, and a ruthless fire may break the family’s happiness. According to statistics, more than 85% of building fires occur in buildings with five or less storeys (Figure 1). However, for non-public places such as residences (apartments) with five or less storeys, the regulations can neither enforce the requirement for installing fire safety equipment nor implementing fire prevention management system, and consequently those places have a high risk of serious fire. As a result of the above it is an urgent matter for us to look into how to promote correct fire prevention knowledge through propaganda and education to effectively prevent fires in the said places.

Taiwan, located at the junction of the Eurasian Plate and the Philippine Plate, lies in the Circum-Pacific Seismic Zone, and natural disasters like earthquakes, typhoons, and floods are not uncommon on the island, such as 921 earthquake and Typhoon Morakot, which occurred over the past few decades. In addition, due to the expanding urban construction in recent years, the environment has changed rapidly, the population density has risen, and the high-tech industrial parks and plants have been densely established, which has also led to diversified disasters, like gas explosions, dust storms, chemical accidents, nuclear catastrophes, etc., and once these disasters occur, they usually cause serious damage in people’s lives and properties. Therefore, we should be comprehensively prepared and do the most appropriate planning in Disaster Prevention and Relief Emergency Communication System, in hopes of maximizing the disaster relief efficiency
within short time when the accidents happen.

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG, i.e., bottled gas) is widely used in Taiwan. It is a daily necessity which can be easily seen in restaurants, snack bars and ordinary households in our country. However, ifLPG is used carelessly, serious disasters may occur. This article will analyze the LPG accidents that have occurred in recent years, and discuss the human factors responsible for them, in order to fully implement the safety management of LPG as well as the safety technician training, develop strategy for LPG disaster prevention, and enhance the overall LPG safety in Taiwan.

According to Emergency Medical Care Law and Fire Services Act, emergency medical services (EMS) are primarily used to treat patients who have injuries or illnesses that require urgent medical response. Call 119 for an ambulance every time when we get sick or injured? No, this is wrong. At present, almost all the ambulances in the country reach their maximum carrying capacities, and therefore it is not uncommon to dispatch the ambulances in tiers behind the 2nd and 3rd one. If people call 119 for an ambulance, for the sake of convenience, just because of minor injuries or illnesses, they will not only break Emergency Medical Care
Law, but also make those who really in needs unable to receive emergency medical services in time.

Flood period and typhoon season has just begun. It is said that “More prepared, less damage”,  therefore in 2018, Ministry of the Interior continuously directs its disaster prevention and response units, in cooperation with the municipalities, cities, and counties, to improve the efficiency in disaster information communication and disaster response management. It highlights 8 key items in typhoon preparedness and disaster prevention: enforcing disaster prevention measures such as dredging, handling the disaster prevention and rescue trainings and drills, forecasting the possible isolated areas caused by the disaster effect, having the Emergency Management Information Cloud (EMIC) on standby, reinforcing the test and maintenance of Emergency Management Information System (EMIS), enhancing people’s awareness of typhoon and disaster prevention, implementing management of disaster prevention and rescue resources database, and increasing disaster relief voluntary manpower and equipment then reviewing the management and allocation, all of which are important measures for preventing and reducing disasters.
    In terms of emergency response, Ministry of the Interior also brings up 6 ways to improve the disaster response efficiency: ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of Central Emergency Operation Center (CEOC) message releases, collecting the disaster information and public opinion through internet and social media, strengthening alert message delivery measures, upgrading humanitarian assistance capabilities, enhancing the efficacy of airborne rescue and the mobilization and response efficiency in early stage, and coordinating relevant ministries and departments for full cooperation. By doing so, the disaster prevention and response could be carried out, and people’s lives and properties would be guaranteed appropriately, in hopes of minimizing the damage and loss caused by disasters.

    The effects of fire accidents, small like property loss and building collapse, large as damage in personal appearance, loss of precious human lives, chronic physical and emotional rehabilitation, and numerous families suffering from the endless pain and sorrow, could last forever. In recent five years, more than 1,000 fire accidents were reported averagely per year in Taiwan, and the major ones such as fiery tour bus crashes, the Formosa Fun Coast water park dust explosion, and gas explosion in Kaohsiung, have made a significant impact on our society .
    However, there are some people who always rush into the fire scene, leaving no stone unturned, and calmly look for the fire cause in order to prevent the disasters from happening again. Fire investigators not only have to endure the high temperature, high humidity, and foul smell in their working environment, but also strive to look for every possible clue in the burned ruins, in hopes of finding the light in the dark.

In  Taiwan’s  rescue  services  system,  rescue  teams  are  designated  authorities  or task forces established by firefighting administrations, aiming at carrying out rescue operations  in  urban  area  incidents  (e.g.  fire,  traffic  accidents,  gas  leaks,  machinery incidents, and sewerage incidents, etc.) and incidents during outdoor activities (e.g. incidents in water or mountain areas, etc.), in order to save lives and relieve trapped victims  from  disaster  effects.  With  manpower  and  machineries,  the  rescue  teams have  to  eliminate  the  danger  and  appropriately  apply  the  skills  in  traffic  accident rescue,  rope  rescue,  water  rescue,  and  confined  space  rescue,  and  evacuate  the victims from dangerous accident scenes to safe areas.

In  1982,  CMC  Rescue  School  was  established  in  California,  US,  with  the faculty  consists  of  current  and  retired  firefighters,  who  specialize  in  various  rescue techniques.  With  the  accumulation  of  practical  tasks  and  teaching  experience,  it has  evolved  to  a  professional  rescue  teaching  team  that  integrated  teaching  and developing of rescue equipments, and relevant technique researches. The instructors not only teach regularly in the US, they are also invited to teach curriculums abroad for Rope Rescue, Confined Space Rescue, Trench Rescue, and Emergency Building Shoring.  Moreover,  the  school  plans  and  executes  tailor-made  rescue  training courses  for  special  professions  or  organizations  such  as  military  and  wind  turbine 
operators

In order to align with the Electronic Government Program Phase IV promoted by National Development Council 
(former Research, Development and Evaluation Commission, Executive Yuan),National Fire Agency had implemented the Cloud-Based Disaster Prevention & Relief Plan (2012~2016).It outsourced the establishment of Emergency Management & Data Service Platform, which enables the Emergency Operation Centers (EOC) to open disaster rescue cases, keep the work item log, report back on work meetings and tasks dispatched, fill in real-time disaster reports, produce the disposal reports and disaster summary list, and control the disaster situation. Staff in EOCs could log in the
platform with respective accounts and access to information based on different levels of authorization.With the assist of system, staff would be able to make instant response to the disasters with necessary actions, and review emergency response and actions for the cases reported to EOCs. Moreover, the plan also enhanced local governments’ capability of operation and management efficiency. It integrates virtual communities and information volunteers to collect disaster prevention & relief information, and provide online disaster reporting mechanism, alleviating the congestion of reporting hotline when large scale disasters occur.

In order to appretiate the great efforts and contributions in fire safety the firefighters, volunteer firefighters, and other volunteers had done,National Fire Agency, Ministry of the Interior hosted 2017 Phoenix Award Ceremony on 18 January. Award lists including 72 heros including firefighters,volunteer firefighters, fire prevention promotion volunteers , medical rescue volunteers as well as
disaster prevention and relief volunteers. Premier of Executive Yuan LAI Ching-te, Minister of the Interior YEH Jiunn-rong, and Minister without Portfolio & Spokesperson of Executive Yuan HSU Kuo-yung attended the ceremony. In the ceremony, both Premier LAI and Minister YEH recognized the great efforts and performance by firefighters, volunteer firefighters, and other volunteers.Moreover, they also encouraged all the personnel who engages in fire safety services and disaster prevention would continuously insist the spirit of “Rise from the ashes, save those who are suffering” in the sphere of disaster prevention and relief. He believed by doing so, the lives and property of citizens would be guaranteed appropriately.

Situated where the Eurasian and Philippines Sea tectonic plates meet, Tawan is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire and has frequent earthquakes. The Philippines Sea plate has been continually inching northwest since the Cenozoic Era and has an inseparable connection to the formation of Taiwan. The Great Chichi Earthquake of September 1999 in Nantou County awoke the government of Taiwan to the shortcomings in terms of disaster prevention and rescue capability. In terms of search and rescue teams, at the time, 38 foreign emergency search and rescue teams (including two medical teams) from 20 countries, comprising of 728 people and 103 rescue dogs, came to Taiwan to help with the rescue effort after the quake. At the time, Taiwan did not have any search and rescue dogs, but their presence showed us their valuable disaster search and rescue capabiities. According to INSARAG Guidelines, search and rescue teams have to be certified as “intermediate” (can take on either search and rescue or search and rescue dog missions) or “heavy” (have both search and rescue and search and rescue dog capabilities) to take part in international search and rescue missions. Thus, in 2002 the Taiwan Special Search and Rescue Team was established and has since actively carried out and promoted search and rescue dog training.

In order to promote the linking of Taiwan and ASEAN, South Asia, Australia and New Zealand and other countries on the trade and economic, technological, cultural and other levels and resource sharing and market cultivation, to create a new win-win cooperation model, Taiwan, in addition to establishing extensive negotiation and dialogue mechanisms, is gradually increasing cooperation with ASEAN, South Asia and Australia and New Zealand, building trust and community consciousness. In the face of the trend for regional economic integration and considering overall foreign trade, the Executive Yuan put forward the New Southbound Policy Promotion Plan on September 26, 2016 in accordance with the New Southbound Policy guiding principles previously announced, and planned four work themes, namely “trade and economic cooperation”, “talent exchange”, “resource sharing” and “regional linking”. In addition, in response to global situation changes and considering the rapid rise of ASEAN and South Asian countries, in terms of the bilaterel relations between Taiwan and ASEAN countries, we should, as well as the investment and trade considerations of the past, think how to extend the relationships to technology, tourism, culture and education etc to create a new win-win cooperation model, through it building bilateral strageic partnerships and promoting regional development and prosperity.

In past agricultural society, most people were able to protect themselves by dealing with hornets and snakes. 
At that time, hornets and snakes were also regarded as nutritious food or as a tonic. People tend to deal with hornets and snakes by themselves when they were found. Cases for fireman to catch hornets and snakes were relatively low at that time. Under such circumstances, the workload of fire fighter duty was manageable. 
Hence fire fighters were also able to assist people removing hornets and snakes when requested.

To thoroughly implement the Disaster Prevention and Protection Act and enhance promotion of September 21, the National Disaster Prevention Day Central Emergency Operation Center Field Coordination Post situation drill was held. The main aims were also to assess the government’s crisis handling in face of an integrated large-scale disaster after a large earthquake strikes and the scene management and coordination ability of the Central Emergency Operation Center, Field coordination post, county/city emergency operations centers and incident command posts, and test and verify and display a vertical and horizontal inter-unit disaster scene integration mechanism, to increase the government’s earthquake disaster scene management and coordination capability, thus increasing national disaster resilience in the event of the occurrence of a major disaster.

At 9:00 on 26th June 2017, several sightseeing vehicules headed out of Central Police University in Taoyuan and then arrived one by one at the Training Center, National Fire Agency Ministry of the Interior’s in Chushan town, Nantou county next to the Zinan Temple. In front of the door of the Center was a row of simple characters, each epitomising the key concepts of firefighting and fire control. 

February  2020

January 2020

December 2019

October 2019

September 2019

August 2019

July 2019

June 2019

May 2019

April 2019

March  2019

February  2019

January 2019

December  2018

November  2018 

October 2018

為提供最新消防政策及消防新知，增進各地消防學術交流，內政部消防署每月均定期發行消防月刊供各界參閱。
消防及防災任務日益繁重，如何運用民間力量協助政府從事救災工作為當前重要課題。政府自97年至104年，投入大量經費極強化民間處理重大災害搶救能力，陸續充實其裝備器材，每年亦舉辦評鑑工作，以表揚績優團體健全組織運作。本期消防月刊專題報導為「104年全國災害防救團體、婦女防火宣導隊及鳳凰志工隊評鑑表揚」。內容除了隆重的頒獎典禮情況，還有活動當天的餘興表演，以及災害防救團體、婦女防火宣導隊及鳳凰志工隊平時的訓練制度及成效。
本期內容亦介紹2015年INSARAG Guidelines(國際搜索與救援諮詢小組指導方針)修正篇以供各縣市政府消防局搜救隊參考。還有臺南市政府消防局分享急救擔架床頭側之搬運小工具，運用巧思製作扁帶式小套環套在急救擔架床頭側端之橫桿上，以便急救人員施力並降低因困難施力所造成背部傷害之風險。另還桃園市政府消防局特搜隊遠赴比利時那慕爾市參加國際大賽GRIMPDAY等內容，內容精采而豐富。歡迎踴躍下載參閱。

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消防月刊. - October 2015

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