Italian Wars of Independence The struggle to unite the Italian peninsula under one flag involved decades of bloody conflict

Leaders & commanders
Nobility, royalty and the clergy all made their mark on over 200 years of the Order’s history.

LAWRENCE BATTLE FOR ARABIA 
It remains one of the most celebrated campaigns of the First World War, but is there a dark secret behind TE Lawrence’s Arabian triumph?

Battle of Cresson
In this small engagement, Grand Master Gerard de Ridefort led an ill-fated charge against Saladin’s army..

Leaders & commanders
Army officers and politicians all left indelible marks on the course of the war, and Spain’s future.

HALIFAX, 1917
An horrific accident in the Canadian harbour city caused the largest pre-nuclear explosion.

THOMAS WILLIAM HOLMES
At Passchendaele this teenager stormed an enemy bunker single-handed..

“A hateful decision”
After France was defeated, the British made the controversial decision to sink the French fleet in Algeria.

Philippe Pétain
A hero of the First World War, the old general’s Nazi puppet government earned him universal shame.

Solider to statesman
From frontline service to the highest office, ‘Arik’ was a polarising but significant figure in the region’s history.

Greatest escapes
Bestselling author Damien Lewis recounts two incredible stories of survival behind enemy lines during the Second World War..

Battle of Plataea
This climactic battle during the second Perisan invasion saw a Greek coalition repel Xerxes I’s forces.

“The greatest military struggle”
Broadcaster and historian Jonathan Dimbleby discusses the operation’s importance in world history.

Bolsheviks, generals & chaplains
Politicians and military leaders found their calling and downfall in this bitter border conflict.

Roots of the war
With Russia in the throes of civil war and Germany defeated, Poland sought to expand its own borders..

Las Navas de Tolosa
This battle was a turning point in the conflict, as Christian rivals united to attack the Almohad Caliphate.

FIVE SECRET FEMALE SOLDIERS
Hiding their true identity, these women distinguished themselves on the frontline..

America’s strong man
How support of Fulgencio Batista fuelled the communist revolution in Cuba and led to the rise of Fidel Castro.

Dictators & revolutionaries
Some of the most famous and infamous figures of the mid-20th century determined Cuba’s future..

Leaders & commanders
spy master, a future terrorist leader and global state leaders all influenced the course of the conflict.

Siege of Khost, 1980-91
A Soviet-Afghan garrison is successfully pinned down by guerrilla forces for over a decade.

Leaders & commanders
Kings, sultans and even the Pope became drawn into this struggle between the Habsburgs and the Sultans.

The Kingdom of Morea
With the Ottomans distracted, Venice seized the opportunity to restore lost territory in Greece.

Leaders & commanders : The political and military leaders who guided China’s
fate on the battlefield and at the negotiating table...

HEROES OF THE HOME FRONT
The leaders and locals who defined the 'Blitz Spirit'.

INSIDE HITLER'S BOMBER FLEET 
How Luftwaffe aircraft were designed for destruction..

A horde of many nations
The men who rode with the Khan army originated from across Eurasia, but united in their conquest

Conquering Khans
Over three generations of the Khan dynasty reigned over a vast empire...

Leaders & commanders
Co-ordinating half a million men required strong leadership from the world’s most experienced officers.

Battle for Khafji
In January, Iraqi forces took the coalition by surprise and captured a Saudi town.

MYTHS OF THE PYRAMIDS
Adam Zamoyski discusses how the Egypt campaign defined Napoleon’s career..

Gravelotte, 1870
This bloody encounter saw German infantry cut down by a new French weapon: the mitrailleuse.

HEROES OF THE VICTORIA CROSS 
A British Major takes on German armour in the defence of Oosterbeek, 1944

THE FLYING IRISH
Despite the Republic’s neutrality during WWII, thousands of Irishmen fought in defence of Britain.

NOBLE KNIGHTS
While fending off daily enemy sorties, individual acts of valour made the critical difference.

BATTLE OF ISSUS, 333 BCE
Alexander the Great continued his invasion against the Persian Empire with this tactical masterclass..

The good, the bold & the fearless
Burgundian dukes used politics and brute force in their bid for an independent state.

HEROES OF THE MEDAL OF HONOR
This Union officer led a fierce bayonet charge at the Battle of Gettysburg.

GREAT BATTLES
Christian and Muslim forces clash in the bloody First Crusade for Jerusalem..

CONFLICT PHOTOGRAPHY
Roger Fenton produced among the first major photo records of a war zone.

BRITAIN’S SECRET ARMY
In 1940, thousands around the country were recruited to fight an expected guerilla war in occupied Britain.

COMMEMORATING THE LANCASTER
Gulf War veteran and author John Nichol discusses the brilliance of Britain’s iconic bomber..

TIMELINE
Charles XII’s Swedish Empire is pitted against a coalition, led by Peter the Great’s Russia, in a decades-long struggle.

RISE OF RUSSIA
The aftermath of the Great Northern War saw Russia become a major player in European politics and future conflicts..

EUROPE ON THE BRINK OF PEACE
With the end of the fighting on the continent, East and Western Allies met in triumph.

LEADERS AND HEROES
A number of lesser-known civil and military figures contributed to the final victory.

DISARMING THE WEHRMACHT
For thousands of German soldiers, surrender tragically did not automatically result in survival..

LEGENDS OF THE SENGOKU
Samurai warriors and mighty clan leaders battled for glory and honour on the battlefield.

THE BATTLE OF SEKIGAHARA
A final showdown between the Tokugawa and Toyotomi clans all but ends the Sengoku wars.

OPERATION PLUNDER
Historian Martin King uncovers the Allied engineering effort in crossing the Rhine into Germany, March 1945..

THE BATTLE OF ARGINUSAE
An Athenian victory at sea is overshadowed by calamitous politics back at home.

GREEK BATTLE TACTICS
At sea and on land, Ancient Greek commanders utilised similar techniques to gain victory.

IWO JIMA 75
Two US veterans share their experiences of the crucial campaign to capture Japan’s island stronghold..

THE BATTLE OF LINCOLN
Veteran commander William Marshal leads his army to repel a French invasion force.

HEROES AND COMMANDERS
The struggle between subjects and sovereigns involved England’s most powerful figures.

20 GREATEST WARSHIPS
From the age of sail to the dreadnought era, our experts run down the deadliest vessels in maritime history..

VIETNAM VALOUR
A true story of Special Forces heroism and grit in the jungle.

AZTEC CONQUEST
Follow the brutal Conquistador invasion of the golden empire.

MEDIEVAL MOVIE MYTHS
How historically accurate are the big-screen battlefields?.

Generals, guerrillas and the ‘Communist Bonaparte’
Politicians and generals on both sides were vital to the developments on the ground.

The Tigers of Bastogne
Expert on the battle, Martin King reveals the hard fight of the 10th Armored Division..

MITSUBISHI ZERO - Genius engineering behind Japan's superior carrier fighter.

RISE OF PRUSSIA - Victorious tactics at the 1866 battle of Königgrätz..

Could Hannibal have taken Rome? After their overwhelming victory in 216 BCE, the Carthaginians held sway on the Italian peninsula

The Battle of Marston Moor This clash pitched an outnumbered Royalist force against a Parliament- Covenanter army

Adventurers, Emirs & generals Rulers and military leaders from across Asia, and the Middle East contributed their skills to the Cold War of the Victorian Era

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Discover the politics, mechanics, strategies and machines of war.

From the conquering legions of Ancient Rome to the thunderous tank battles of World War II and beyond, History of War takes you deeper inside the minds of history’s fighting men, further under the bonnets of some of the world’s most devastating war machines, and higher above the battlefield to see the broad sweep of conflict as it happened.

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History of War - Issue 73, 2019

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