Small Modular Reactors: A strategic opportunity for South Africa’s energy future

THE global energy landscape is undergoing profound change. Among the most promising innovations is the small modular reactor (SMR), a nuclear technology being promoted as an alternative not only to large conventional nuclear plants but also to fossil fuel-based generation. For South Africa, SMRs represent both a technological advance and an economic opportunity.

- Professor Bismark Tyobeka, principal and vice-chancellor of the North-West University (NWU). The views expressed here do not necessarily represent those of Independent Media or IOL.

The “small” in SMR refers to its generating capacity — typically between 50 and 300 megawatts electric (MWe) per unit. By comparison, a conventional large reactor such as Koeberg’s units generates around 970 MWe each. SMRs are often deployed in clusters such as four-pack, six-pack, ten-pack or more, depending on the electricity needs of a region.

The “modular” aspect means that these reactors can be manufactured on a factory floor, shipped to site, and added incrementally. A single module can be installed and commissioned, with more units added over time as demand and financing allow.

This phased approach lowers upfront capital requirements and accelerates deployment.

The compact footprint of SMRs makes them suitable for sites where large plants would be impractical.

Koeberg, for example, occupies a vast sector. Large gold or platinum mining complexes in areas such as Rustenburg or Carletonville could be powered by dedicated SMRs, eliminating the need for long transmission lines.

Similarly, smelters — which have suffered output cuts due to Eskom’s supply constraints — could secure reliable 24/7 power from onsite SMRs.

This would cut carbon intensity and help meet ESG commitments. Excess electricity could be sold into the grid, providing both operational resilience and an additional revenue stream.