ON THIS DAY

1530: Ivan IV (the Terrible) was born. He was crowned first tsar of Russia in 1547 and expanded the Russian state with campaigns against the Tartars. He earned his description from his oppression, in which more than 3,000 were executed.

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1900: Writer Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, playing for Marylebone Cricket Club in his first first-class match, bowled out the great WG Grace, who was batting for London County.

1919: The world’s first scheduled air flights began, between London and Paris.

1928: Anfield’s famous Kop terracing at Liverpool’s football ground was opened. It was most likely named after the Battle of Spion Kop in the Boer war. The Africaan word kopje means small hill.

1960: The 17th Olympic Games opened in Rome, at which Briton Anita Lonsbrough won gold in the 200m breaststroke. The light-heavyweight boxing gold medal was won by an American 18-year-old named Cassius Clay, later known as Muhammad Ali.