Dio mio! Italians' love of blasphemy

What swear words say about a nationality

- Ashifa Kassam

When researchers asked people around the world to list every taboo word they could think of, the differences that emerged were revealing.

The length of each list, for example, varied widely. While native English speakers in the UK and Spanish speakers in Spain rattled off an average of 16 words, Germans more than tripled this with an average of 53 words ranging from intelligenzallergiker, a person allergic to intelligence, to hodenkobold, or “testicle goblin”, someone who is being annoying.

The results, researchers say, hint at how the overlooked field of social faux pas - whether it be swearing, insults or other off-limits language - can help us better understand the values, boundaries and shifting norms that shape different cultures.

“These words can be more offensive, or less, they can be loaded with negativity or with irony,” said Jon Andoni Duñabeitia, a cognitive scientist and professor at Madrid’s Nebrija University. “But taken together, they offer small snapshots of the realities of each culture.”

When it came to the differences between Spanish and German speakers, Andoni Duñabeitia had two theories. German, with its seemingly endless capacity to build new compound words, could simply offer more options, he said.