Three are well known: cell theory - all life is made of cells, which only come from existing cells; Darwin's evolution by natural selection; and universal genetics - all life is encoded by a cypher written in the molecule DNA. The fourth, no less important, goes by the chewy name chemiosmosis, and describes the way that all living things live by drawing fuel from their surroundings and using it in a continuous chemical reaction. In summary, life, made of cells that extract energy from their environment, comes modified from what came before.
Job done; suck it, physicists! However, biology is messy, and people like me remain gainfully employed because our understanding of how chemistry becomes biology is far from complete. These grand unifying ideas lack detail, and in biology the devil lies at a molecular level of complexity that is hard to understand. Nowhere, as Philip Ball (a physicist by background) points out in his excellent book, was this more starkly apparent than when an invisible virus turned the world upside down in 2020, killing millions, infecting many more.
Bu hikaye The Guardian Weekly dergisinin January 19, 2024 sayısından alınmıştır.
Start your 7-day Magzter GOLD free trial to access thousands of curated premium stories, and 8,500+ magazines and newspapers.
Already a subscriber ? Giriş Yap
Bu hikaye The Guardian Weekly dergisinin January 19, 2024 sayısından alınmıştır.
Start your 7-day Magzter GOLD free trial to access thousands of curated premium stories, and 8,500+ magazines and newspapers.
Already a subscriber? Giriş Yap
Democracy Comes Under Scrutiny Amid Battle To Buy Basics
After 25 years, Nigeria's role as the region's police officer is in jeopardy, with its people losing faith in a squeezed economy
Civil War And Bloodshed? Conviction Infuriates Trump's Base
The posts are ominous. “Pick a side, or YOU are next,” wrote conservative talk show host Dan Bongino on the Truth Social media platform in the aftermath of Donald Trump’s 34 felony convictions.
'Forever War' Risk Grows As Militants Return To Gaza's North
Israel could inherit an insurgency, warns the US, after Hamas regains strength in areas it was forced to flee
A stranger for ever A family's struggles after the second world war are intimately captured across continents and generations
Here are some of the events that are not described in Claire Messud's ambitious novel about the lives of three generations of a Franco-Algerian family: the Algerian war of independence, as a result of which the Cassar family lose their home and national identity; the two years the family's most promising scion spends as a student in Paris, during which he endures something (racist bullying? Mental collapse?) that blights his adult life; his sister's broken-hearted suicide attempt; the courtship of a couple who have been held up throughout the novel as exemplars of married love and yet whose relationship - as we discover in the final pages - was shockingly transgressive.
Concrete comfort
China's 'lying flat' generation is drawn to seek spiritual solace among the brutalist blocks of the exclusive Aranya resort by innovative architecture and the power of social media
MONEY MONEY MONEY
TAYLOR SWIFT'S NEW ALBUM, The Tortured Poets Department, is not one of her best.
MY SECRET GERMAN GRANDAD
Women who 'fraternised' with German prisoners of war horrified British society. Could one of these illicit liaisons explain a mystery at the heart of Leo Hickman's family tree?
Sheinbaum signals hope, but can she pursue her own agenda?
A month ago in Chiapas, a Mexican state caught in a bloody battle between criminal groups, a car carrying the front runner to be the country's next president was stopped by a group of masked men.
Score draw Why anime is firing up young sports stars
The Bournemouth footballer Dominic Solanke twice thought he had scored the opening goal in a Premier League game against Brentford last month.
Kingmaker How will Meloni use her growing influence on EU politics?
Italy's far-right leader has so far been a model European. But this weekend's EU elections may reveal her hand