EXPLAINER

Sudan's civil war, which began in April 2023, has not only caused immense suffering within the country but also attracted a complex web of foreign powers.

- TDG NETWORK

These external actors, each with their own strategic, economic, and political interests, have influenced the course of the conflict, making it more difficult to resolve.

As these powers intervene to secure their respective goals, the Sudanese people have borne the brunt of the violence, displacement, and suffering that has followed.

This article examines the role of foreign powers in Sudan's civil war, how their involvement has shaped the conflict, and the humanitarian toll it has taken on the country.

THE GENESIS OF THE CONFLICT

Sudan's civil war stems from a fierce power struggle between two main factions: the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), commanded by General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, commonly known as Hemedti.

The conflict can be traced back to long-standing tensions over several issues, including the integration of the RSF into the national military, the transition to civilian rule, and competition for control over Sudan's lucrative economic resources, such as gold mines and oil fields.

Following the ousting of long-time president Omar al-Bashir in 2019, Sudan's political transition became a critical issue.

The military, including both the SAF and RSF, initially promised to cooperate with civilian leaders to form a transitional government.

However, disagreements between the military factions, especially over the role of the RSF, eventually led to the breakdown of negotiations.

REGIONAL POWERS & THEIR INTERESTS

The involvement of regional powers has significantly shaped the trajectory of Sudan's conflict.