Scrolling into distraction: The impact of reels on working memory

In recent years, short-form video content commonly known as “reels” on platforms like Instagram, Tik-Tok, and YouTube Shorts has exploded in popularity.

- MANSI SONI

Designed to be fast-paced, engaging, and algorithmically addictive, reels offer instant entertainment with minimal cognitive effort. However, this growing trend has raised concerns among psychologists, educators, and neuroscientists about its potential effects on cognitive functions, particularly attention span and working memory. As millions engage with these platforms daily, it is important to examine whether reels are merely harmless fun or if they are subtly reshaping the way our brains function.

THE SCIENCE OF ATTENTION SPAN AND WORKING MEMORY

Attention span refers to the amount of time a person can concentrate on a task without becoming distracted. Working memory, on the other hand, is the brain's ability to temporarily store and manipulate information to complete cognitive tasks like reasoning, learning, and comprehension. Both are essential for effective learning, productivity, and decision-making.

While attention and working memory are not fixed traits—they can be trained or deteriorated over time—they are sensitive to environmental stimuli and usage patterns. With the constant influx of digital content, especially in bite-sized formats, our brains are increasingly exposed to rapid shifts in visual and auditory stimuli. This change in consumption habits is believed to influence the brain’s attention systems and memory processes.

THE ALLURE OF REELS

Reels are intentionally designed to grab and hold attention in a matter of seconds. Their success lies in the combination of catchy audio, flashy visuals, short duration (typically 15 to 60 seconds), and the reward-based algorithm that tailors content to user preferences. This creates a “dopamine loop,” a cycle in which the brain seeks more short bursts of pleasure by consuming more content. Over time, this can lead to compulsive scrolling behaviors akin to behavioral addiction.