America's Trade Partners Should Resist Magnifying Its Irrationality

They mustn't respond in kind to Trump's tariffs. Such duties mostly hurt the countries levying them

- Dani Rodrik is a professor of international political economy at Harvard Kennedy School, and the author of 'Straight Talk on Trade: Ideas for a Sane World Economy'

By wielding the threat of imposing across-the-board tariffs against Canada, Mexico, and China for no justifiable reason, US President Donald Trump demonstrated that he is a major risk for America and its trade partners. But how other countries respond to Trump's reckless policies will ultimately determine how much damage the global economy will sustain. US trade partners need to keep their cool and resist the temptation to magnify the insanity.

Most analysts seem to believe that responding in kind is the right thing to do. As expected, Canada and Mexico both threatened retaliation and eventually reached deals with Trump to avert the tariffs temporarily. But it is not clear why retaliation should be regarded as normal and desirable when the tariffs that trigger them are viewed (correctly) as crazy. Policymakers elsewhere must not lose sight of the truth that Trump has chosen to disregard: the costs of tariffs are borne mainly at home.

The instinct to retaliate is natural. To deter a schoolyard bully, one must confront him with determined opposition. But far from dissuading Trump, other countries' tariffs will further feed his misplaced grievances. More importantly, the logic of retaliation fails in this instance. The tit-for-tat model works to ensure cooperation in certain circumstances, such as the Prisoners' Dilemma. In this scenario, each actor benefits from their own unilateral move, but is made worse off when the other actor responds in kind. Trump's tariffs do not fit this characterization.