Fight or Flight: Employees' choice under toxic leadership

Understanding toxic leaders: Insecurity and manipulation

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TOXIC leaders often exhibit destructive behaviors such as bullying, coercion, dishonesty, intimidation, and retribution. But why do they act this way? At the core of toxic leadership lies deep-seated insecurity.

Many toxic leaders suffer from an inherent fear of losing control, being exposed as incompetent, or failing to maintain their authority. To compensate, they resort to manipulative and oppressive tactics to reinforce their dominance.

These leaders thrive in environments where power is unchecked, fostering a workplace culture where fear dictates behavior. Their insecurities often stem from past experiences, personal inadequacies, or an overwhelming desire for validation. Instead of earning respect through integrity and competence, they demand loyalty through fear and coercion.

The followers of toxic leaders: Self-interest over ethics

Not everyone under toxic leadership is a victim; some employees actively support and enable such leaders for personal gain. These individuals, can be referred to as "toxic enablers," align themselves with toxic leaders to secure personal benefits such as promotions, job security, or favoritism. Their allegiance is not driven by respect or admiration but by strategic self-interest.