Beyond Borders

How Asia-Pacific Agri-Trade Fights Hunger

- By Swati Verma

Introduction

In an era where global protectionist policies often prioritise narrow interests, a fundamental rethink of trade is vital. This is especially true for the Asia-Pacific region, where the World Food Programme (WFP) reports acute food insecurity affected 88 million people in 2024—a figure three times higher than in 2019. Climate disasters, conflict, and supply chain disruptions have deepened hunger and exposed flaws in food systems once considered resilient. A 2025 SDG Progress Report for Asia and the Pacific by the UN's Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) reveals a regression from 2015 levels in key UN food security targets—a grave concern that must be prioritised to protect vulnerable groups. These trends challenge the region's ability to meet Sustainable Development Goal 2 of “Zero Hunger” by 2030.

Amid this crisis, agricultural trade has emerged as an underappreciated stabiliser. By connecting surplus and deficit regions, it can cushion shocks, smooth price volatility, and improve dietary diversity. Yet these broad benefits only come alive when examined at sub-national levels.

India's Complex Position

India, as a key regional player, is not immune. Though often seen as self-sufficient, its agricultural sector has undergone major structural shifts. According to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), between 2007-08 and 2023-24, India increased its total crop area by 20%, while production value rose by 49%, driven by a 24% increase in yield. As a predominantly agrarian economy, India also exports a range of agricultural products—about 10% of total exports—including cereals, fish, and tea.