The Science Behind PMS

Hormones, Symptoms, and Solutions

- Dr B Ramesh

PMS is a complex interplay of hormones, brain chemistry, and lifestyle factors. By addressing PMS holistically, it’s possible to minimize its impact and improve overall well-being. While PMS can be challenging, balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management can provide relief without relying solely on medication.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) affects millions of women worldwide, yet it remains widely misunderstood. From mood swings to physical discomfort, PMS can significantly impact daily life. But what exactly causes it, and how can it be managed?

The Hormonal Changes: What Triggers PMS?

PMS typically occurs in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (the one to two weeks before menstruation) and is strongly linked to hormonal changes:

• Estrogen and Progesterone: These hormones rise and fall dramatically during the menstrual cycle. In the luteal phase, progesterone peaks and then drops if pregnancy doesn't occur. This fluctuation can affect neurotransmitters like serotonin, leading to mood swings.

• Serotonin: A drop in serotonin levels before menstruation may contribute to irritability, anxiety, and depression.

• Prostaglandins: These hormone-like compounds increase before menstruation, causing inflammation, cramps, and bloating.

Symptoms

PMS symptoms vary but generally fall into two categories:

Emotional & Cognitive Symptoms:

• Mood swings