From cow dung to cellulose fibres and more

Researchers from University College London in England and Edinburgh Napier University in Scotland have developed a technique to recover cellulose - a natural fibre found in plant cell walls - from cow dung and turn it into useful manufacturing materials.

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These include fibres, films, and meshes used to produce items like surgical masks, food packaging and textiles.

While cellulose is already used in many industries, it is often made from harmful chemicals. This new method, called horizontal nozzle-pressurised spinning, is cleaner, uses less energy and avoids toxic substances.