Thyroid disorders: A silent epidemic in India

AS we observe World Thyroid Day on May 25, it's crucial to talk about various thyroid disorders that affect approximately 42 million Indians, making them one of the most common endocrine problems in the country.

- DR KARTHIK VIJAYAKUMAR

This butterfly-shaped gland in the neck, though small, plays a vital role in regulating our body's metabolism, energy levels, heart rate, and numerous other functions. Let's understand this tiny gland first.

Body's metabolism manager The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate how your body uses energy. These hormones affect nearly every organ and control many of your body's most important functions.

In India, hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder, affecting about 11 per cent of the population. It is significantly higher than the 2 to 4.6 per cent seen in Western countries. Interestingly, inland states have a higher prevalence (11.7 per cent) compared to coastal states (9.5 per cent), likely due to differences in iodine availability.

A simple blood test measuring thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormone levels can easily detect most disorders and help guide proper treatment.

Common disorders

Hypothyroidism: Occurs when the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough hormones. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, constipation, and depression. Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune condition, is the primary cause. Iodine deficiency is also a factor.