Promoting tourism for economic, social, and cultural benefits – Curtailing threats: Realistic approaches

Whilst acknowledging the government’s ongoing efforts to promote tourism in Sri Lanka, this article aims to inform policymakers and the public about both current and emerging challenges that may arise in the absence of clear, enforceable policies to guide and safeguard the country’s tourism revival. It is vital to recognise the multifaceted economic, social, and cultural benefits of tourism, while also understanding the associated risks and opportunities.

- Authors: Damien Fernando, Hemantha Madagammana, Gratian Peiris, Mervyn Silva, and Chula Goonasekera On behalf of the LEADS Forum

Given Sri Lanka’s small landmass, high population density, and limited space for agriculture and fisheries, balancing tourism development with the rights of local communities—while preserving biodiversity, wildlife, and cultural heritage—is essential.

Challenges and Opportunities: Balancing Tourism and Infrastructure

Sri Lanka must align the increasing number of tourist arrivals with its infrastructure capacity. A shift toward attracting high-value tourists can maximise revenue while minimising pressure on local resources.

Although infrastructure development remains a priority, mitigating the environmental and social impacts of tourism—such as ecological degradation and rising living costs—requires proactive regulation and accountability from both tourists and hosts. A medical, culinary, and experiential tourism offer further growth opportunities.

High-impact initiatives—such as curated short excursions for transit passengers—can generate quick returns. The goal should be a shift from high-volume to high-value tourism: fewer, wealthier visitors yield better returns with less strain on resources.

Revitalising Sri Lankan Airlines through a strategic international partnership can boost global connectivity. Investments in airport infrastructure, real-time coordination between airlines and transport providers, and increased immigration staffing (until e-gates become standard) will enhance the visitor experience.

Unlocking Urban Tourism Potential

Urban tourism in Sri Lanka remains underdeveloped. Inspired by global models like Singapore, mayors should champion their cities through improved public services, job creation, and trust-building with citizens.

Decentralised governance, community cooperatives, and inclusive planning can foster grassroots participation, provided they are free from corruption. Transparent, evidence-based planning and merit-based appointments are critical.