The indispensable role of minerals in ruminant nutrition

Although trace elements or minerals constitute but a small part of animal nutrition, they nevertheless play a vital role in the health, performance, and profitability of cattle and sheep.

- By Christal-Lize Muller

Dr Johan van Rensburg, managing director of Axiota Animal Health, says mineral supplementation for cattle is often overlooked. Despite making up only a small part of a ruminant’s daily intake, these minerals are essential for maintaining optimal health.

Minerals such as copper (Cu), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), iodine (I), and cobalt (Co) contribute to overall animal health by enhancing immunity, promoting growth, and supporting fertility. Dr Van Rensburg cautions, however, that supplementing the correct amount is crucial. Insufficient or excessive mineral supplementation can result in stunted growth, recurring disease, fertility issues, and, in severe cases, death.

Trace elements are key

Trace elements, he says, are the unseen catalysts of numerous biological processes. While they do not provide energy, they play a crucial role in enzyme activity, hormone production, and maintaining a strong immune system. Selenium, for instance, enhances antioxidant protection and strengthens immunity, while Cu is vital for red blood cell formation and a healthy nervous system. Zinc supports growth, aids in wound healing, and maintains skin integrity. lodine is essential for metabolism and thyroid function, whereas Co is necessary for rumen microbes to synthesise vitamin B12.