Maize: a priceless crop

In this article, Janine Ryan looks at the importance of maize production in the world today, and its value for food security. She also explores the history of maize and how it evolved into a crop that is widely cultivated

- Janine Ryan

Maize originated in Mexico thousands of years ago and has since spread throughout the world. Today, it is one of the most widely grown grain crops in the world, with global production reaching over 1,2 billion tons in 2021. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), world production is expected to be marginally down in 2022/23 at 1,16 billion tons, around 6,52 million tons less year-on-year.

IMPORTANCE OF MAIZE

Maize is a vital staple food for millions of people. It is particularly important for food security in developing countries, where it is a dietary staple and a critical source of calories, protein, and micronutrients for millions of people.

Maize is a versatile crop that can grow in a variety of climates and soils, making it an ideal crop for small-scale farmers in developing countries. It is a source of food for both humans and animals, and can also be used for industrial purposes such as the production of biofuels, starch and oil.

In many countries, maize is the primary staple food, and it provides a significant portion of people’s daily calorie intake. For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, maize accounts for more than 30% of the daily calorie intake, and in some countries, accounts for up to 50% of the total calorie intake.

Maize is also an important source of essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, fibre, vitamins and minerals, which are vital for human health. In addition, maize is a low-cost food source that is easily accessible to low-income households.