UNDERSTANDING DIABETES - PREVENTION, TYPES, AND MANAGEMENT

Diabetes has become a major public health challenge in India, affecting millions of people across all age groups.

- TDG NETWORK

Rapid urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and dietary changes have contributed to an alarming rise in cases. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), India has the second-highest number of diabetes patients in the world, with over 77 million people living with the condition. Diabetes is not just a disease of elevated blood sugar; it can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, kidney failure, nerve damage, and vision problems. Awareness about the types of diabetes, preventive measures, and effective management strategies is crucial for controlling its impact, especially in the Indian context.

1. Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition in which the body’s immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. People with Type 1 diabetes are unable to produce sufficient insulin and require lifelong insulin therapy. Although less common in India compared to Type 2 diabetes, Type 1 typically develops in childhood or adolescence and can have severe consequences if not properly managed.

2. Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent form in India, accounting for nearly 90% of all cases. It occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or fails to produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels.

Risk factors include obesity, sedentary lifestyle, poor dietary habits, family history of diabetes, and age. Type 2 diabetes often develops gradually and can remain undiagnosed for years, leading to complications over time.

3. Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy when the body cannot produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels effectively. It affects both the mother and baby, increasing the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life. Early screening and proper dietary management are critical for minimizing risks associated with gestational diabetes.