Postpartum depression: a matter we must not ignore

THE months after the birth of a baby are often described as a season of joy and celebration. For many families, however, this period can also be a time of challenge, stress and vulnerability. While it is natural for new parents to feel overwhelmed, it is important to recognise when these emotions go beyond normal adjustment and develop into postpartum depression (PPD).

- DR MARK MOODLEY

How common is PPD?

Research shows that PPD is more common than many people realise. A 2023 global study estimated that about 17% of mothers experience PPD, with higher rates in middleand lower-income countries. The reasons are complex, but often linked to limited access to health care, food insecurity and poor social support. Most cases begin within the first few months after birth, but once a mother has experienced PPD, the likelihood of it recurring in future pregnancies increases.

Risk factors:

PPD is not caused by a single factor, but is the result of a combination of biological, emotional and social influences. Some of the known risk factors include:

· Lack of support from partner, family or friends.

· Challenges of being a first-time or teenage mother.

· Domestic violence, financial stress or grief.

· Poor coping skills, low self-esteem or unplanned pregnancy.

· Sleep deprivation and hormonal changes after birth.

· Smoking, alcohol, malnutrition or HIV infection.

· Gestational diabetes and other pregnancy-related complications.

· A personal history of depression, anxiety or psychiatric disorders.