Rhetoric and reality

Indian secularism, distinct from Western models, balances religious freedom with state neutrality, but its evolution faces challenges, particularly with rising communalism and political exploitation of religious sentiments

- FR. JOHN FELIX RAJ & PRABHAT KUMAR DATTA

The concept of secularism in India has been a topic of debate since its independence in 1947. Born out of European traditions, secularism's epistemological premise and actual practice were founded on the principle of separation between Church and State. This modern concept baffled India before and after independence, particularly during pivotal moments in its political history, such as the demolition of the Babri mosque on December 6, 1992.

The judgment of the Supreme Court in Ayodhya on November 17, 2019, directing the central government to formulate a scheme and set up a trust to facilitate the construction of a temple on the disputed land, raised questions regarding the role of the secular state. The laying of the foundation stone of the Ram temple in the presence of the Prime Minister on August 5, 2020, and his subsequent participation in the consecration ceremony on January 22, 2024, further fueled the debate.

Jawaharlal Nehru's vision of secularism, as expressed during his refusal to inaugurate the rebuilt Somnath Temple in Gujarat in 1951, emphasized the importance of separating the state from religious projects. This incident, followed by correspondence between the Prime Minister and the President, provides valuable insight into India's understanding of secularism.