HOW SAFE IS YOUR WATER? IT'S TIED TO DEMOCRACY

The way your utility is operated appears to be a factor. Ones with elected managers tend to perform better, a study says.

- BY IAN JAMES

coli contamination from sewage leaks or agricultural runoff.

How democratic is your water utility?

Does everyone who is registered to vote get to choose their leaders in elections? Or do only property owners get to vote for the managers? Maybe the public has no say at all in selecting the people who make decisions that determine safe and affordable drinking water?

"We see significant differences based on democracy," said Kristin Dobbin, a researcher at UC Berkeley. "It really does influence the outcomes of a water system."

In a new study she led, it turns out that water utilities where all voters have a say in choosing leaders tend to perform better.

I contacted Dobbin to learn more about what she and her colleagues discovered about what they call "water democracy" in California.

The researchers analyzed nearly all of the state's residential water suppliers, more than 2,400 of them. They looked at three categories: those where all registered voters can elect board members; those where only property owners can; and those where people have no vote in choosing decision-makers. Fully 25% of the systems fall into this last category.

In 2012, California became the first state in the nation to declare access to clean, accessible and affordable drinking water a human right. The researchers wanted to see how these different types of utilities have fared in achieving that.

They already knew more than 700,000 Californians rely on water systems that are failing to meet drinking water standards, according to the State Water Resources Control Board, and an additional 1.8 million have systems considered "at risk" of failing.

The study, published this month in the journal Nature Water, found that 13% of water utilities with limited voting rights are identified as "failing," similar to those where customers can't vote on leaders. For fully democratic water systems, only 9% fall into that category.