Theatre of Destruction

How bulldozers became part of the Hindu nationalist lexicon in India Religion

- TUSHA MITTAL

On the morning of 12 June 2022, Afreen Fatima, a social activist from Prayagraj, witnessed bulldozers raze the home she had lived in for over twenty years. “I watched it live on YouTube,” she told me. Her mother prayed on a mat nearby.

The demolition was broadcast across the country by local and national media. The Uttar Pradesh administration claimed the house was illegally constructed, but Fatima said the demolition was politically motivated. “It was an act of vendetta,” she said. Both Fatima and her father, Javed Mohammad, had been vocal critics of the Narendra Modi government.

Two days earlier, Mohammad, a wellknown civil rights activist, had been arrested by the state police. For the past few weeks, Prayagraj had been gripped by protests following derogatory remarks about the prophet Muhammad by Bharatiya Janata Party leaders, including a national spokesperson. Some protests had turned violent. The police claimed that Javed participated in rioting and was the “mastermind” of the agitation. A day after his arrest, around 10 pm on the night of 11 June, Fatima said the police stuck a back-dated notice on the family’s door, stating that their house was illegal and would be demolished. The bulldozers arrived the next morning.

Fatima emphasised that the family had been paying all their house taxes for the past 20 years and had not once been warned of any illegality. “My father was made a scapegoat,” she said. “He was not part of the protests.” In many ways, Fatima said, the demolition of their home was intended to serve as a warning to all those protesting the regime. “It was clearly to teach a lesson to Muslims.”