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White Spot Lesions in Dentistry
THE WEEK India
|November 23, 2025
White spot lesions (WSLs) are the earliest visible signs of dental caries, appearing as chalky white or opaque areas on tooth surfaces. They indicate early enamel demineralization and can be seen with the naked eye. Early recognition and management are essential to prevent progression into cavities.
Etiology
◆ Dental Plaque: Poor oral hygiene causes plaque buildup. Bacteria converts sugars into acids and lower pH thus dissolving enamel minerals (mainly calcium and phosphate), leading to WSLs.
◆ Traumatic Hypomineralization: Trauma during pre-, peri-, or postnatal stages can disturb enamel formation, causing localized hypomineralization.
◆ Natural Lesions: Tiny (<0.5 mm) white spots may naturally occur on incisor surfaces.
◆ Fluoride Exposure: Both insufficient and excessive fluoride during tooth development can lead to enamel defects.
◆ Orthodontic Treatment: Brackets and wires retain plaque, making cleaning difficult and increasing the risk of WSLs.
Clinical Features
◆ Appearance: Opaque, chalky, or milky-white areas.
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