Why Enrolments in Govt Schools are Falling

A shrinking school-age population, preference for private schools and better child tracking systems have led to falling enrolment numbers

- BY SAFEENA HUSAIN

India’s government schools have seen enrolment declines for three consecutive years, slipping from 251.8 million in 2022-23 to 248 million in 2023-24, and further down to 246.9 million in 2024-25. But before drawing hasty conclusions about the state of public education, it is essential to understand why this shift is happening.

The primary reason is India's changing demographic landscape. The country's fertility rate has fallen below replacement level, resulting in a shrinking school-age population. This is a fundamental change in India's population structure, moving the country away from its historically young demographic profile toward a more mature one.

Additionally, a significant redistribution of students is occurring. Families are increasingly choosing private schools over government institutions, driven by perceptions of superior learning outcomes, enhanced English language proficiency, and better opportunities for their children. This trend is evident even in rural areas, despite limited financial resources.