Indian Diaspora in Africa and Their Role in Bilateral Ties

The linkages between India and Africa date back to ancient times and are deeply connected to early civilizations.

- By Parma Khannawalia

Both Africa and India shared many similarities long before colonial powers reached Asian and African countries. These relationships are complex, longstanding, and constantly evolving.

The Indian diaspora in Africa is at the centre of this enduring collaboration, playing a prominent role in shaping the historical, political, economic, and cultural relations between India and the African continent. From early traders and indentured labourers to modern entrepreneurs and policymakers, the Indian diaspora has significantly influenced the trajectory of India–Africa ties over the past 150 years.

The number of Indians residing overseas has grown substantially, especially during the era of globalization. Among Africa’s 54 nations, Indians have been living for decades in 46 of them. “12.37% of all Indians who have migrated outside of India over time are in Africa. The number of Indians residing in various regions of the continent varies substantially. For instance, the Indian diaspora accounts for 70% of the population of Mauritius. Over 800,000 Indians reside in Nigeria and run roughly 100,000 enterprises there” (Badetia, 2016: 357).

The Indian diaspora has been a key driver of investment in Africa, recognising the continent as one of the best locations for business and growth. Indians have had a significant and diverse economic impact on Africa’s economy. Over the decades, many transitioned from retailers, dealers, and manufacturers to industrialists and bankers after completing contracts as indentured labourers.