What, Why & Hows of CNC Machines

Over the last decade, CNC machines have become a common topic in woodworking. Most know that they cut things out, but that’s the extent of their knowledge

- Danielle Lowery

What is a CNC? Why might I want one & How does it work?

If you had a stronger understanding of what CNCs are, how they can be used, and the basics of their operations, I guarantee that you too will agree why this tool has become a topic of interest.

What is a CNC Machine? 

CNC stands for computer numerical control. Simply put, it’s a computerized process in which software is pre-programmed with code to tell the machine the exact movements to make. CNC machines can include routers, lathes, milling machines, 3D printers, vinyl cutters, and much more and break down into two categories: additive and subtractive. As the name suggests, additive CNCs add material to create the design. A good example of this type is a 3D printer. For our purposes, we will be talking about subtractive machines, which remove material with cutting tools.

Why Might I Want One? 

Believe it or not, CNCs can be used to create not only more accurate and complex projects, but improve traditional woodworking as well. How? Well, CNCs provide higher accuracy as the machine moves exactly as instructed. This leads to more reliability and repeatability than we can do by hand. They can easily make intricate cuts or carve advanced shapes. And, most importantly, you can review or simulate how the machine will move before it cuts the digital file. This allows you to make corrections or edits before beginning the project.

As for improving traditional woodworking, think of a CNC like an almost unlimited jig. This jig can be used for different needs and once a task is complete, it can repeated over and over again. Let me give you a few examples: