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Maria Mitchell - Astronomer
Cobblestone American History Magazine for Kids
|Cobblestone February 2025: Women Trailblazers of the 1800s
Maria (pronounced Ma-RYE-uh) Mitchell (1818-1889) was born on the island of Nantucket off the coast of Massachusetts. Like many families there, the Mitchells were Quakers.
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They believed in equal education for boys and girls. Since Nantucket men often were away at sea for half the year or more, girls were brought up to be independent women. In the early 1800s, Nantucketers were open-minded about "a woman's place." Maria's father, William, held many jobs, but he loved astronomy most. One of William's jobs was to set chronometers for ship's captains so that they would know their exact position at sea. One by one, William's 10 children helped with his observations of the sky. They all lost interest as they grew older except Maria. As a teenager, Maria could set chronometers by herself.
In 1831, she helped her father observe a solar eclipse so they could find the precise longitude of their house.
All her life, Mitchell spent most clear nights at the telescope. She "swept" the skies and looked for anything out of place. In the 1800s, there were no computers to process data.
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