The Role of Oral Examinations in STCW Certification for Second Mates: Evaluating Necessity and Exploring Alternatives

In the ever-evolving world of maritime operations, where the safety of crews, vessels, and the environment hinges on the competence of seafarers, the Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping (STCW) framework stands as a global cornerstone.

- By Capt. Ramji S Krishnan Sloan Fellow, London Business School

INTRODUCTION

For aspiring Second Mates in India, this journey to certification has long included a rite of passage: the oral examination. Mandated by the Directorate General of Shipping (DGS), these orals are intended to probe beyond rote knowledge, delving into practical skills and decision-making abilities. Yet, as the industry sails into a digital era, questions about their true value are surfacing like flotsam.

Are oral exams still essential, or do they represent an outdated anchor holding back progress? This article navigates these waters, examining the current role of orals in India's STCW certification process, weighing their merits against their pitfalls, and charting a course toward innovative alternatives. Drawing on global comparisons, fresh insights from stakeholders, and the latest DGS reforms—including the Examination Reform Pilot launched in April 2025 and Exit Exam Version 2.0 rolled out in May—we advocate for a streamlined, equitable system that aligns with modern maritime demands without sacrificing standards.

THE CURRENT LANDSCAPE OF ORAL EXAMINATIONS IN INDIA