SAFEGUARDING SMART SHIPS: The new era of onboard Risk Management.

The rapid advancement of technology in providing affordable internet access at sea, particularly following the introduction of Starlink and similar low-earth orbit satellite communications, has significantly enhanced connectivity.

- CAPT. PANKAJ KUMAR

CYBER OUTLOOK IN THE MARITIME INDUSTRY:

The growing adoption of digital solutions for operational optimisation, cost reduction, sustainability, and effective communication among servers, information technology (IT) systems, and operational technology (OT) systems has increased dependence on these innovations. However, this heightened reliance simultaneously escalates potential cyber risks. Consequently, there is an urgent need for comprehensive cyber risk assessments to identify and mitigate these potential threats.

In recent years, a series of significant cyber incidents have prompted the International Maritime Organization (IMO), maritime administrations, ship owners, and other stakeholders to adopt effective cyber risk management strategies. The IMO has enacted resolution MSC.428(98), which underscores the importance of integrating cyber risk considerations into Safety Management Systems (SMS). Furthermore, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed guidelines to assist organizations in establishing robust cyber risk management practices.

CYBERSECURITY FRAMEWORK AND FUNCTIONS FOR IT / OT SYSTEMS:

The distinct areas of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) are increasingly integrating due to advancements in the internet that facilitate their connection. OT encompasses hardware and software systems that must operate independently to monitor, control, and process physical equipment effectively. In contrast, IT systems primarily focus on data management and supporting business functions.