BYD BEAT TESLA. NOW IT'S IN THE DRIVER'S SEAT.

China's champion electric-vehicle manufacturer is outselling Tesla and Volkswagen in the global EV race-and a spate of new factories could help it dominate markets outside China. How BYD and its globe-trotting No. 2, Stella Li, are spending billions and flexing their soft power.

- By Vivienne Walt

DRIVE 100 MILES SOUTH from Hungary's capital, Budapest, and you'll arrive at a vast industrial site where half-constructed factory buildings stretch over more than a square mile of former wheat fields. There, on a searing hot morning outside the town of Szeged, a worker toiling alongside cranes and earthmovers hauls a cracked pot out of the ground, and holds it up in the blistering sun. "This is thousands of years old!" he exclaims, explaining that it probably dates to the Roman Empire, which once ruled these parts.

Now another great power—China—is putting down stakes here in the heart of Europe. By year's end, the first electric vehicles will roll out of a factory on this site, courtesy of Chinese EV maker BYD Auto—the biggest seller of battery-powered cars in the world, and increasingly the one legacy automakers most fear.

Beginning in 2026, this plant will produce about 150,000 compact all-electric sedans a year, ideal for Europe's narrow streets; production is expected to rise to 300,000 cars a year by 2030. If BYD's intentions weren't clear enough, a blizzard of billboards and television ads across the continent features the slogan "Made in Europe, for Europe." More than 5,200 miles from headquarters in Shenzhen, the factory is a crucial piece of BYD's all-out push for global primacy, in an industry that was virtually created by—and until very recently dominated by—a much more familiar name: Tesla.