SCUBA DIVING SCIENCE

Deep dive into the physics, physiology and equipment of this popular sport

- AILSA HARVEY

The air tank that provides oxygen to divers is called SCUBA, which is an acronym for self-contained underwater breathing apparatus. Despite this sophisticated diving equipment, which keeps the body stable and oxygenated while underwater, spending significant periods below the surface can still be dangerous. For safe scuba diving, there are important procedures taught during training and diving.

Firstly, divers should never hold their breath. As Boyle’s law about the state of gases explains, any gas in a diver’s lungs will expand during ascents and contract when descending. If you hold your breath and the gas begins to expand, it will become trapped and can cause severe damage to the lungs. Dives should be planned well, with maximum depths and time decided beforehand. Without these guidelines, divers are more likely to venture further and deeper underwater, potentially encountering difficulties when ascending. Beginners should always dive with a second diver. This person is called a dive buddy and they are responsible for checking your equipment – and you theirs. If either diver faces difficulties in the water, the other is on hand to step in and assist them.